Among all potential clinical applications, the field of renal pathology stands out as being particularly suited for the adoption of high-throughput and spatially resolved molecular technologies. Indeed, renal diseases of diverse aetiologies often share similar histopathological manifestations, underscoring the need for techniques capable of exploring, in an omic manner, the molecular complexity of the heterogeneous renal compartments. In this thesis, mass spectrometry-based approaches, and, in particular, mass spectrometry imaging, are applied within the realm of renal pathology with the aim of advancing their use for disease investigation and clinical translation. In the first chapter, two original approaches for investigating the tumour-immune environment of clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) are presented. ccRCC remains a particularly challenging disease due to the high heterogeneity of its microenvironment and the strong influence of immune infiltration on therapeutic response. To address these challenges, a sequential workflow which enables the typing and molecular profiling of distinct immune populations within a single tissue section was optimised and applied to patient-derived tumour resections. In parallel, to investigate the influence of immune cells on the ccRCC tumour microenvironment in a controlled and tunable experimental setting, three-dimensional co-culture models of tumour and immune cells were established and characterised using metabolomic and proteomic approaches. Together, these complementary strategies expand the methodological toolkit available for ccRCC research and lay the groundwork for more targeted therapeutic interventions. In the second chapter, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is applied to a challenging-to-diagnose renal disease to explore its potential for clinical translation. Specifically, this work presents a novel approach for the one-slide detection and typing of renal amyloidosis. The robustness of the workflow was also assessed in the context of different tissue processing workflows, including the use of Bouin’s fixative, which still remains commonplace within the specialised field of nephropathology, broadening its applicability for large multicentre studies. Finally, this strategy was complemented by integrating digital pathology on the same tissue slide, enabling the concurrent use of a molecular and digital approach for the detection of renal amyloidosis. Altogether, this study bridges the gap between bench and bedside, advancing the use of mass spectrometry imaging in the clinical setting and demonstrating how this high-throughput spatial technique can aid in the elucidation of complex, hard-to-diagnose diseases such as renal amyloidosis. This thesis constitutes a significant advance in the application of mass spectrometry-based methodologies, and particularly spatially resolved approaches, within renal pathology, linking fundamental disease investigation with clinical translation through innovative omic strategies.
Tra tutti i possibili ambiti clinici, quello della patologia renale risulta particolarmente adatto per l’adozione di tecnologie molecolari ad alto throughput e capaci di determinare la distribuzione spaziale degli analiti. Infatti, nonostante la diversa eziologia, diverse malattie renali condividono spesso manifestazioni istopatologiche simili, sottolineando la necessità di tecniche in grado di esplorare, in maniera -omica, la complessità molecolare delle strutture renali, che sono altamente eterogenee. In questa tesi, diversi approcci basati sulla spettrometria di massa, e in particolare sulla spettrometria di massa imaging, vengono applicati nel contesto della patologia renale con l’obiettivo di promuoverne l’uso per lo studio delle malattie e per la traslabilità clinica. Nel primo capitolo vengono presentati due approcci originali per lo studio del microambiente tumorale-immunitario del carcinoma renale a cellule chiare (ccRCC). Il ccRCC si propone come una malattia particolarmente insidiosa a causa dell’elevata eterogeneità del suo microambiente e della forte incidenza dell’infiltrazione immunitaria sulla risposta alla terapia. Per affrontare queste sfide, in primo luogo è descritta la messa a punto di un protocollo a step sequenziali che consente il typing e il profiling molecolare di popolazioni immunitarie distinte all’interno di una singola sezione tissutale, applicato a resezioni tumorali derivate da pazienti. Parallelamente, per indagare l’influenza delle cellule immunitarie sul microambiente tumorale del ccRCC in un contesto sperimentale controllato e modulabile, è proposto lo sviluppo di modelli tridimensionali di co-coltura di cellule tumorali e immunitarie, caratterizzati poi mediante approcci metabolomici e proteomici. Queste strategie complementari ampliano gli strumenti metodologici disponibili per la ricerca sul ccRCC e pongono le basi per interventi terapeutici più mirati. Nel secondo capitolo, la spettrometria di massa imaging (MSI) viene applicata a una malattia renale difficile da diagnosticare per valutarne il potenziale nell’ambito clinico. Nello specifico, questo lavoro presenta un approccio innovativo per la rilevazione e il typing dell’amiloidosi renale su una singola sezione tissutale. La robustezza del workflow è inoltre valutata in contesti di preparazione del campione differenti, incluso l’uso del fissativo di Bouin, che è ancora comune nel campo specifico della nefropatologia, ampliandone così l’applicabilità per studi che coinvolgono molteplici centri clinici. Infine, in un ulteriore studio viene dimostrata l’integrazione di un approccio di patologia digitale computazionale, applicato sulla stessa sezione di tessuto, con il workflow descritto in precedenza, permettendo l’uso contemporaneo di approcci molecolari e digitali per la rilevazione dell’amiloidosi renale. Complessivamente, questo studio colma il divario tra laboratorio e clinica, promuovendo l’uso della spettrometria di massa imaging in ambito clinico e dimostrando come questa tecnica spaziale e ad alto throughput possa contribuire all’interpretazione di malattie complesse e difficili da diagnosticare, come l’amiloidosi renale. Questa tesi costituisce un significativo avanzamento nell’applicazione di metodologie basate sulla spettrometria di massa e, in particolare, di approcci spaziali, nella patologia renale, collegando l’investigazione fondamentale delle malattie con la traslabilità clinica attraverso strategie omiche innovative.
Bindi, G (2026). Mass Spectrometry in the realm of Renal Pathology: from disease investigation to clinical translation. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
Mass Spectrometry in the realm of Renal Pathology: from disease investigation to clinical translation
BINDI, GRETA
2026
Abstract
Among all potential clinical applications, the field of renal pathology stands out as being particularly suited for the adoption of high-throughput and spatially resolved molecular technologies. Indeed, renal diseases of diverse aetiologies often share similar histopathological manifestations, underscoring the need for techniques capable of exploring, in an omic manner, the molecular complexity of the heterogeneous renal compartments. In this thesis, mass spectrometry-based approaches, and, in particular, mass spectrometry imaging, are applied within the realm of renal pathology with the aim of advancing their use for disease investigation and clinical translation. In the first chapter, two original approaches for investigating the tumour-immune environment of clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) are presented. ccRCC remains a particularly challenging disease due to the high heterogeneity of its microenvironment and the strong influence of immune infiltration on therapeutic response. To address these challenges, a sequential workflow which enables the typing and molecular profiling of distinct immune populations within a single tissue section was optimised and applied to patient-derived tumour resections. In parallel, to investigate the influence of immune cells on the ccRCC tumour microenvironment in a controlled and tunable experimental setting, three-dimensional co-culture models of tumour and immune cells were established and characterised using metabolomic and proteomic approaches. Together, these complementary strategies expand the methodological toolkit available for ccRCC research and lay the groundwork for more targeted therapeutic interventions. In the second chapter, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is applied to a challenging-to-diagnose renal disease to explore its potential for clinical translation. Specifically, this work presents a novel approach for the one-slide detection and typing of renal amyloidosis. The robustness of the workflow was also assessed in the context of different tissue processing workflows, including the use of Bouin’s fixative, which still remains commonplace within the specialised field of nephropathology, broadening its applicability for large multicentre studies. Finally, this strategy was complemented by integrating digital pathology on the same tissue slide, enabling the concurrent use of a molecular and digital approach for the detection of renal amyloidosis. Altogether, this study bridges the gap between bench and bedside, advancing the use of mass spectrometry imaging in the clinical setting and demonstrating how this high-throughput spatial technique can aid in the elucidation of complex, hard-to-diagnose diseases such as renal amyloidosis. This thesis constitutes a significant advance in the application of mass spectrometry-based methodologies, and particularly spatially resolved approaches, within renal pathology, linking fundamental disease investigation with clinical translation through innovative omic strategies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Greta Bindi_Mass Spectrometry in the realm of Renal Pathology from disease investigation to clinical translation
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Doctoral thesis
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