Understanding how evaluations can be reliably measured and effectively modified remains a central challenge in psychological science, particularly when such evaluations are long- standing ones. This doctoral thesis investigates the measurement and modification of attitudes and intentions, with a specific focus on insect-based foods as a theoretically stringent and practically relevant case. Indeed, in Western contexts, insect-based foods are typically associated with disgust and rejection, despite their environmental and nutritional benefits. The thesis is organised into five chapters. Chapter 1 situates the work within the context of research on learning and social learning approaches to attitude change. It reviews evidence showing that attitudes can be shaped through conditioning and vicarious strategies, while identifying a key area to which the present work can contribute: many existing paradigms rely on initially neutral targets or on newly experimentally acquired evaluations. This chapter therefore motivates the need to test whether learning-based interventions can shift long- standing negative attitudes that participants bring into the laboratory. Chapter 2 addresses the methodological challenge of assessing evaluations. It combines the adaptation of existing instruments with the development of new direct and indirect measures, which are used to assess evaluations toward insect-based foods. The chapter examines the psychometric properties of these measures, providing the methodological foundation for the subsequent empirical studies. Chapter 3 presents a series of experimental studies. Across studies, learning-based and social learning interventions are implemented to modify evaluations toward insect-containing products. The results demonstrate that it is possible to modify pre-existing negative evaluations through brief, scalable, and applicable interventions. Chapter 4 introduces classical and contemporary models of behavior to clarify how interventions targeting attitudes and intentions may acquire behavioral relevance. By reviewing attitude- and intention-based models, dual-process frameworks, and more recent goal-directed accounts, the chapter examines how contextual constraints, competing goals, and belief structures shape the translation of evaluative change into action. Chapter 5 synthesizes the thesis's findings and integrates their theoretical, methodological, and practical implications. It discusses the limitations of the present work and outlines directions for future research, with particular attention to refining intervention strategies that can support behavior change. Overall, this thesis contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how pre-existing negative attitudes can be measured and modified, as well as a conceptual discussion of how such changes may acquire behavioral relevance, offering empirically grounded and theoretically informed guidance for the design of psychologically viable interventions.

Comprendere come le valutazioni possano essere misurate in modo affidabile e modificate efficacemente rappresenta una sfida centrale nelle scienze psicologiche, in particolare quando tali valutazioni sono di lunga durata. Questa tesi di dottorato esamina la misurazione e la modifica di atteggiamenti e intenzioni, con un focus specifico sugli alimenti a base di insetti come caso teoricamente stringente e pragmaticamente rilevante. Infatti, nei contesti occidentali, gli alimenti a base di insetti sono tipicamente associati a disgusto e rifiuto, nonostante i loro benefici ambientali e nutrizionali. La tesi è articolata in cinque capitoli. Il Capitolo 1 colloca il lavoro nel contesto della ricerca sugli approcci di apprendimento e apprendimento sociale al cambiamento degli atteggiamenti. Vengono passate in rassegna evidenze che mostrano come gli atteggiamenti possano essere modellati attraverso procedure di condizionamento e strategie vicarie, individuando al contempo un’area chiave in cui il presente lavoro può offrire un contributo: molti paradigmi esistenti si basano su stimoli inizialmente neutrali o su valutazioni acquisite sperimentalmente. Il capitolo motiva quindi la necessità di testare se interventi basati sull’apprendimento possano modificare atteggiamenti negativi di lunga durata che i partecipanti portano con sé nel laboratorio. Il Capitolo 2 affronta la sfida metodologica della misurazione delle valutazioni. Esso combina l’adattamento di strumenti esistenti con lo sviluppo di nuove misure dirette e indirette, utilizzate per valutare le risposte verso gli alimenti a base di insetti. Il capitolo esamina le proprietà psicometriche di tali misure, fornendo la base metodologica per gli studi sperimentali successivi. Il Capitolo 3 presenta una serie di studi sperimentali. Attraverso questi studi, vengono implementati interventi basati sull’apprendimento e sull’apprendimento sociale per modificare le valutazioni nei confronti di prodotti contenenti insetti. I risultati mostrano che è possibile modificare valutazioni negative preesistenti mediante interventi brevi, scalabili e adatti a essere applicati anche al di fuori del laboratorio. Il Capitolo 4 introduce modelli classici e contemporanei del comportamento al fine di chiarire come interventi mirati al cambiamento di atteggiamenti e intenzioni possano acquisire rilevanza comportamentale. Attraverso la revisione di modelli basati su atteggiamenti e intenzioni, dual processes framework e più recenti approcci goal-directed, il capitolo esamina come vincoli contestuali, obiettivi in competizione e i sistemi di credenze possano influenzare la traduzione del cambiamento valutativo in azione. Il Capitolo 5 sintetizza i risultati della tesi e ne integra le implicazioni teoriche, metodologiche e applicative. Vengono discussi i limiti del lavoro presentato e delineate direzioni per la ricerca futura, con particolare attenzione al perfezionamento di strategie di intervento in grado di supportare il cambiamento comportamentale. Nel complesso, questa tesi contribuisce a una comprensione più articolata di come atteggiamenti negativi preesistenti possano essere misurati e modificati, nonché delle condizioni in cui tali cambiamenti possono acquisire rilevanza comportamentale, offrendo indicazioni per la progettazione di interventi psicologicamente sostenibili.

Fedeli, F (2026). Changing Attitudes and Intentions toward Insect-Based Foods through Social Learning and Goals. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).

Changing Attitudes and Intentions toward Insect-Based Foods through Social Learning and Goals

FEDELI, FRANCESCO
2026

Abstract

Understanding how evaluations can be reliably measured and effectively modified remains a central challenge in psychological science, particularly when such evaluations are long- standing ones. This doctoral thesis investigates the measurement and modification of attitudes and intentions, with a specific focus on insect-based foods as a theoretically stringent and practically relevant case. Indeed, in Western contexts, insect-based foods are typically associated with disgust and rejection, despite their environmental and nutritional benefits. The thesis is organised into five chapters. Chapter 1 situates the work within the context of research on learning and social learning approaches to attitude change. It reviews evidence showing that attitudes can be shaped through conditioning and vicarious strategies, while identifying a key area to which the present work can contribute: many existing paradigms rely on initially neutral targets or on newly experimentally acquired evaluations. This chapter therefore motivates the need to test whether learning-based interventions can shift long- standing negative attitudes that participants bring into the laboratory. Chapter 2 addresses the methodological challenge of assessing evaluations. It combines the adaptation of existing instruments with the development of new direct and indirect measures, which are used to assess evaluations toward insect-based foods. The chapter examines the psychometric properties of these measures, providing the methodological foundation for the subsequent empirical studies. Chapter 3 presents a series of experimental studies. Across studies, learning-based and social learning interventions are implemented to modify evaluations toward insect-containing products. The results demonstrate that it is possible to modify pre-existing negative evaluations through brief, scalable, and applicable interventions. Chapter 4 introduces classical and contemporary models of behavior to clarify how interventions targeting attitudes and intentions may acquire behavioral relevance. By reviewing attitude- and intention-based models, dual-process frameworks, and more recent goal-directed accounts, the chapter examines how contextual constraints, competing goals, and belief structures shape the translation of evaluative change into action. Chapter 5 synthesizes the thesis's findings and integrates their theoretical, methodological, and practical implications. It discusses the limitations of the present work and outlines directions for future research, with particular attention to refining intervention strategies that can support behavior change. Overall, this thesis contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how pre-existing negative attitudes can be measured and modified, as well as a conceptual discussion of how such changes may acquire behavioral relevance, offering empirically grounded and theoretically informed guidance for the design of psychologically viable interventions.
ZOGMAISTER, CRISTINA
attitude change; indirect measures; social learning; goal-directed action; insect-based foods
attitude change; indirect measures; social learning; goal-directed action; insect-based foods
English
10-apr-2026
38
2024/2025
open
Fedeli, F (2026). Changing Attitudes and Intentions toward Insect-Based Foods through Social Learning and Goals. (Tesi di dottorato, , 2026).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/601741
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