Neurotechnology in the Age of Human Rights. Ethical Challenges and Legal Approaches

The past decade has witnessed an unprecedented increase in institutional interest in neurotechnology. Despite some types of modern neurotechnology being applied in medicine since the 1970s, its current use is no longer confined to medical applications. On the contrary, neurotechnology has expanded its applications beyond the medical field to include, among others, direct-to-consumer non-invasive neurotechnology for wellness and well-being, forensic neurotechnology, neurogaming, and neuroenhancement. In addressing these topics and their relationship with human rights, this volume aims to survey the current state of affairs, analyse emerging trends, problems, and gesture towards future development in this field. The volume was motivated by the concern to investigate the ethical and legal questions arising from this uniquely disruptive technology in the age of human rights. The book gathers selected contributions presented at the International Conference on Neurotechnology in the Age of Human Rights held online on September 17th, 2025, sponsored jointly by the University of Milano-Bicocca, School of Law (Italy), and Trivent Publishing.