The thesis proposes a methodology of quantitative assessment of the environmental impact of ground treatments organized in 3 phases and based on a protocol (Envision) of sustainability assessment of infrastructure, for which construction the considered treatments are widely use, combined with DNSH criteria provided by the EU under the Green Deal program. The 3 phased method consists of: an initial Envision/DNSH assessment, choosing the evaluation parameters appropriate to the case of soil treatment; a deepening phase through LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) analysis, the results of which in terms of the environmental impact of the treatment serve to refine the Envision/DNSH assessment during the third phase. The method was tested on a pilot case, an underground excavation in sand in an area near Milan, where the stability of the walls and their impermeability was guaranteed by the treatment. Five different technologies were studied (permeation grouting, mono- and bi-fluid jet grouting, brine and liquid nitrogen artificial ground freezing). The results made it possible both to analyse the individual treatment technologies from the point of view of sustainability and to compare the technologies to each other. The freezing technology was generally the least impacting, while jet grouting treatments were strongly affected by the use of cement in the executive process, the production of which, as evidenced by LCA analysis, is also very impactful. The tested methodology, with its quantitative assessment of soil treatments, allows: infrastructure managers to make an informed choice of the most appropriate strategies to be applied in the context of the design or management of the project under consideration; designers to evaluate, propose and dimensioning interventions evaluated with a view to both economic and environmental sustainability; the performers of treatments to optimize their resources towards the sustainability, documenting the value "green" materials, machinery and procedures for procurement and clients. The method showed that, as part of the LCA analysis to obtain more consistent results, the initial phase of data inventory on the impact of materials, machinery and energy supplies related to the product concerned, request to be fed by specific data, compared to the generic available in the currently used databases; the EPD (Environmental Product Declaration) documentation, EU-regulated but still sparse, provides for each product (material, machinery, equipment) a label containing the specific environmental impacts. The geotechnical laboratory can play a role of primary importance to validate the performance of materials, products and processes both in the refinement in the sense of sustainability and in the testing of innovations always in the same perspective. The GFLab geotechnical laboratory, spin-off of Bicocca University and sponsor of this executive PhD, has recently developed and patented a laboratory equipment, ITS - Injection Tube System, to perform in laboratory a full scale injection by soil permeation via TAM, through a single valve, within a soil with standardized granulometry. This instrument, which reproduces the entire executive process of a type of soil treatment, can be therefore particularly useful to provide support in the perspective of technological innovation towards an improvement of the environmental sustainability of the permeation grouting. Future research developments could be the development of the EPD for soil treatment interventions, the development of the methodology also for other geotechnical processing (piles, micropiles, diaphragm walls), the extension of the sustainability assessment up to the stage beyond the treatment completion, according to the LCA point of view.

La tesi propone una metodologia di valutazione quantitativa dell’impatto ambientale dei trattamenti dei terreni organizzata su 3 fasi e basata su un protocollo (Envision) di valutazione della sostenibilità delle infrastrutture, ambito prevalente di esecuzione dei trattamenti in esame, abbinato ai criteri DNSH forniti dall’UE nell’ambito del programma Green Deal. Le 3 fasi consistono in una prima valutazione Envision/DNSH, scegliendo i parametri di valutazione adeguati al caso dei trattamenti dei suoli, una fase di approfondimento tramite analisi LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), i cui risultati in termini di impatto ambientale del trattamento servono per un affinamento, durante la terza fase, della valutazione Envision/DNSH. Il metodo è stato sperimentato su un caso pilota, uno scavo sottofalda in sabbia in un’area in prossimità di Milano, in cui la stabilità delle pareti e la loro impermeabilità è stata garantita dal trattamento. Sono stati studiati i casi di 5 tecnologie diverse (iniezioni per permeazione, jet groutng mono- e bi-fluido, congelamento con salamoia e con azoto liquido). I risultati hanno permesso sia di analizzare le singole tecnologie di trattamento sotto l’aspetto della sostenibilità, sia di porle a confronto. La tecnologia del congelamento è risultata in generale la meno impattante, mentre i trattamenti di jet grouting hanno risentito decisamente dell’utilizzo, nell’ambito del processo esecutivo, del cemento, la cui produzione, come evidenziato tramite l’analisi LCA, risulta a sua volta molto impattante. La metodologia sperimentata, con la sua valutazione quantitativa circa i trattamenti dei terreni, permette ai gestori di infrastrutture di scegliere in modo informato quali siano le strategie più adeguate da applicare nell’ambito della progettazione o gestione dell’opera in esame, ai progettisti di valutare, proporre e dimensionare interventi valutati nell’ottica di una sostenibilità economico-ambientale, agli esecutori dei trattamenti per ottimizzare le proprie risorse nella direzione della sostenibilità, documentando il valore “verde” di materiali, macchinari e procedure nei riguardi dei procurement e dei clienti. Il metodo ha messo in evidenza come, nell’ambito dell’analisi LCA per ottenere risultati di maggiore consistenza, la fase iniziale di raccolta dei dati di impatto di materiali, macchinari e forniture di energia (inventory) relative al prodotto in esame, richieda di essere alimentata da dati specifici, rispetto ai generici disponibili nei database correntemente usati; la documentazione EPD (Environmental Product Declaration), normata dall’UE ma ancora di scarsa diffusione, fornisce per ciascun prodotto (materiale, macchinario, attrezzatura) una etichettatura contenente gli impatti ambientali specifici. Il laboratorio geotecnico può giocare un ruolo di primaria importanza per validare le prestazioni di materiali, prodotti e processi sia nell’affinamento in senso della sostenibilità che nella sperimentazione di innovazioni sempre nella stessa ottica. Il laboratorio geotecnico GFLab, spin-off della Bicocca e sponsor di questo dottorato executive, ha recentemente messo a punto e brevettato un’attrezzatura di laboratorio, ITS – Injection Tube System, per eseguire in laboratorio una iniezione per permeazione attraverso tubi valvolati a scala reale, tramite una singola valvola, entro terreni a granulometria standardizzata. Questo strumento, risulta particolarmente utile per fornire supporto nell’ottica della innovazione tecnologica verso un miglioramento della sostenibilità ambientale dell’iniezione per permeazione. Futuri sviluppi di ricerca sviluppo dell’EPD per i trattamenti dei terreni, uso della metodologia per altre lavorazioni geotecniche (pali, micropali, diaframmi), estensione del campo di valutazione della sostenibilità alle fasi di vita

(2024). Advances in the sustainability assessment of geotechnical ground improvement processes. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2024).

Advances in the sustainability assessment of geotechnical ground improvement processes

PETTINAROLI, ANDREA MARIA ROMILDO
2024

Abstract

The thesis proposes a methodology of quantitative assessment of the environmental impact of ground treatments organized in 3 phases and based on a protocol (Envision) of sustainability assessment of infrastructure, for which construction the considered treatments are widely use, combined with DNSH criteria provided by the EU under the Green Deal program. The 3 phased method consists of: an initial Envision/DNSH assessment, choosing the evaluation parameters appropriate to the case of soil treatment; a deepening phase through LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) analysis, the results of which in terms of the environmental impact of the treatment serve to refine the Envision/DNSH assessment during the third phase. The method was tested on a pilot case, an underground excavation in sand in an area near Milan, where the stability of the walls and their impermeability was guaranteed by the treatment. Five different technologies were studied (permeation grouting, mono- and bi-fluid jet grouting, brine and liquid nitrogen artificial ground freezing). The results made it possible both to analyse the individual treatment technologies from the point of view of sustainability and to compare the technologies to each other. The freezing technology was generally the least impacting, while jet grouting treatments were strongly affected by the use of cement in the executive process, the production of which, as evidenced by LCA analysis, is also very impactful. The tested methodology, with its quantitative assessment of soil treatments, allows: infrastructure managers to make an informed choice of the most appropriate strategies to be applied in the context of the design or management of the project under consideration; designers to evaluate, propose and dimensioning interventions evaluated with a view to both economic and environmental sustainability; the performers of treatments to optimize their resources towards the sustainability, documenting the value "green" materials, machinery and procedures for procurement and clients. The method showed that, as part of the LCA analysis to obtain more consistent results, the initial phase of data inventory on the impact of materials, machinery and energy supplies related to the product concerned, request to be fed by specific data, compared to the generic available in the currently used databases; the EPD (Environmental Product Declaration) documentation, EU-regulated but still sparse, provides for each product (material, machinery, equipment) a label containing the specific environmental impacts. The geotechnical laboratory can play a role of primary importance to validate the performance of materials, products and processes both in the refinement in the sense of sustainability and in the testing of innovations always in the same perspective. The GFLab geotechnical laboratory, spin-off of Bicocca University and sponsor of this executive PhD, has recently developed and patented a laboratory equipment, ITS - Injection Tube System, to perform in laboratory a full scale injection by soil permeation via TAM, through a single valve, within a soil with standardized granulometry. This instrument, which reproduces the entire executive process of a type of soil treatment, can be therefore particularly useful to provide support in the perspective of technological innovation towards an improvement of the environmental sustainability of the permeation grouting. Future research developments could be the development of the EPD for soil treatment interventions, the development of the methodology also for other geotechnical processing (piles, micropiles, diaphragm walls), the extension of the sustainability assessment up to the stage beyond the treatment completion, according to the LCA point of view.
COLLINA, ELENA MARIA
FRATTINI, PAOLO
Sostenibilità; Geotecnica; LCA; Grouting; Congelamento
Sustainability; Geotechnics; LCA; Grouting; Ground freezing
GEO/05 - GEOLOGIA APPLICATA
Italian
21-feb-2024
36
2022/2023
open
(2024). Advances in the sustainability assessment of geotechnical ground improvement processes. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2024).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/461828
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