Access to adequate housing has been acknowledged as a condition directly linked to human well-being that has however become a strategic commodity for the global financial market, causing structural tensions that reach their apex in urban contexts on the periphery of the neoliberal development. In Latin America, neoliberal principles have been widely adopted, and urbanization dynamics have reproduced socio-spatial exclusion and inequality. However, socio-political turmoil, progressive thinking (e.g., theories of Liberation Theology and Pedagogy of the Oppressed), traditional know-how, solidarity and mutual-aid, and local-European syncretism, have created the conditions for an accumulated tradition of bottom-up housing self-provision, where people that are systematically oppressed and excluded have (re)claimed their right to housing and engaged in broader political projects. Since the 1970s in Latin America, exemplary practices of organized bottom-up housing claims have emerged, institutionalized, informed governance structures, and been impactful in terms of housing provision. Over this, considerable efforts for describing the accumulated empirical tradition have been done, but less in trying to link it with urban and social theories. Therefore, this dissertation contributes by proposing conceptual lenses for approaching and comparing local empirical experiences, so data can be collected at a regional scale, and theorization can eventually be produced. Global housing conditions demand new ways of thinking about housing provision, management, and tenure; hence, valuable lessons can be drawn from the analysis of innovative counter-hegemonic experiences. Comparative case study analysis has been selected as the methodology and some principles coming from post-colonial urban comparative studies are considered. The case studies selected are Sociedad Cooperativa de Vivienda Unión Palo Alto (Mexico) and Asociación Cooperativa de Vivienda La Libertad 13 de Enero (El Salvador), both have adapted principles of the Uruguayan Mutual-Aid Housing Cooperative Network (CVAM), which have extended across Latin America and stands out due to their adaptability, resilience, institutionalization and scaling-up capacity. The main outcomes of the research include: First, a preliminary model for comparative analysis where assumptions are outlined based on conceptual linkages coming from different scholarly traditions. Social Innovation (SI) provides a broader understanding of the social processes underpinning the experiences of Producción Social del Hábitat (Social Production of Habitat); Hope is recognized as a collective force to counteract stagnation, organize actions of housing claim, and set an attainable horizons based on territorial capacities; and Autonomy represents the spatial-temporal process of aligning actions of resistance in a collective pursuit of self-determination that implies participation in decision-making spaces. Second, a comprehensive analysis of the national regulatory framework, the institutional system of the housing sector, and the evolution of both case studies in different periods. Third, a pilot comparative analysis of Social Innovation in Housing (SI-H) where the conceptual categories of the preliminary model are fine-tuned by reflecting over the results coming from the fieldwork, and data is used for cross-analysis. Fourth, results of the interviews and testimonies of experts which provide new perspectives for data interpretation and inform the mapping of the internationalization of Mutual-aid Housing Cooperatives (CVAM) network in Latin America. Finally, conclusions are organized in accordance to the research questions. First, conclusions regarding conceptual links and some original definitions; second, conclusions on the proposed conceptual model and some of its most relevant categories; third, a series of conclusions from the pilot comparison that could inform hypotheses for future research.

L'accesso a un alloggio adeguato è stato riconosciuto come una condizione direttamente collegata al benessere umano, diventata purtroppo un bene strategico per il mercato finanziario globale, provocando tensioni strutturali che raggiungono il loro apice nei contesti urbani alla periferia dello sviluppo neoliberista. In America Latina, l’instabilità socio-politica, il pensiero progressista (ad esempio, le teorie della Teologia della Liberazione e della Pedagogia degli Oppressi), il know-how tradizionale, la solidarietà e il mutuo soccorso e il sincretismo locale-europeo, hanno creato le condizioni per una tradizione accumulata bottom-up di auto-fornitura di alloggi, dove le persone che sono sistematicamente oppresse ed escluse hanno (ri)rivendicato il diritto all'alloggio e si sono impegnate in progetti politici più ampi. Riguardo a questo, sono stati fatti notevoli sforzi per descrivere la tradizione empirica che si è accumulata, ma ciò che è carente è il tentativo di collegare tale tradizione alle teorie urbane e sociali. Pertanto, questa dissertazione contribuisce proponendo lenti concettuali per osservare e comparare esperienze empiriche locali, in modo che i dati possano essere raccolti su scala regionale e alla fine si possano tradurre tali osservazioni in teorie. Le condizioni abitative globali richiedono nuovi modi di pensare alla fornitura, alla gestione e al possesso di alloggi; quindi, dall'analisi di esperienze contro-egemoniche innovative si possono trarre lezioni preziose. Come metodologia è stata scelta l'analisi comparativa di casi studio e sono stati presi in considerazione alcuni principi derivanti da studi comparativi urbani postcoloniali. I casi di studio selezionati sono Sociedad Cooperativa de Vivienda Unión Palo Alto (Messico) e Asociación Cooperativa de Vivienda La Libertad 13 de Enero (El Salvador), entrambe hanno adattato i principi della rete uruguaiana di Cooperativismo de Vivienda por Ayuda Mutua (CVAM), che hanno ampliato in tutta l'America Latina e si distingue per la sua capacità di adattamento, resilienza, istituzionalizzazione e crescita. I principali risultati della ricerca includono: primo, un modello preliminare per l'analisi comparativa in cui le ipotesi sono delineate sulla base di collegamenti concettuali provenienti da diverse tradizioni accademiche. Social Innovation (SI) fornisce una comprensione più ampia dei processi sociali alla base delle esperienze di Producción Social del Hábitat (Produzione Sociale di Habitat); Hope è riconosciuta come una forza collettiva per contrastare la stagnazione, organizzare azioni di rivendicazione dell'alloggio e fissare orizzonti raggiungibili basati sulle capacità territoriali; e Autonomy rappresenta il processo spazio-temporale di allineamento delle azioni di resistenza in una ricerca collettiva di autodeterminazione che implica la partecipazione agli spazi decisionali. Secondo, un'analisi del quadro normativo nazionale, del sistema istituzionale del settore abitativo e dell'evoluzione di entrambi i casi studio. Terzo, un'analisi comparativa pilota di Social Innovation in Housing (SI-H) in cui le categorie concettuali del modello preliminare vengono messe a punto riflettendo sui risultati provenienti dal lavoro sul campo, inoltre, i dati vengono utilizzati per l'analisi incrociata. Quarto, i risultati delle interviste e delle testimonianze di esperti forniscono nuove prospettive per l'interpretazione dei dati e informano riguardo la mappatura dell'internazionalizzazione della rete di Cooperativismo de Vivienda por Ayuda Mutua (CVAM) in America Latina. Infine, le conclusioni sono organizzate sulla base dei quesiti di ricerca. Primo, sono conclusioni che riguardano collegamenti concettuali e alcune definizioni originali; secondo, sono conclusioni sul modello concettuale proposto e delle sue categorie più rilevanti; infine, c’è una serie di conclusioni del confronto pilota che potrebbero fornire ipotesi per la ricerca futura.

(2022). Processes of Social Innovation in Housing (SI-H) in Latin America: an approach for the comparative analysis of innovative bottom-up housing claim practices. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022).

Processes of Social Innovation in Housing (SI-H) in Latin America: an approach for the comparative analysis of innovative bottom-up housing claim practices

MANZANO MORAN, CARLOS ALBERTO
2022

Abstract

Access to adequate housing has been acknowledged as a condition directly linked to human well-being that has however become a strategic commodity for the global financial market, causing structural tensions that reach their apex in urban contexts on the periphery of the neoliberal development. In Latin America, neoliberal principles have been widely adopted, and urbanization dynamics have reproduced socio-spatial exclusion and inequality. However, socio-political turmoil, progressive thinking (e.g., theories of Liberation Theology and Pedagogy of the Oppressed), traditional know-how, solidarity and mutual-aid, and local-European syncretism, have created the conditions for an accumulated tradition of bottom-up housing self-provision, where people that are systematically oppressed and excluded have (re)claimed their right to housing and engaged in broader political projects. Since the 1970s in Latin America, exemplary practices of organized bottom-up housing claims have emerged, institutionalized, informed governance structures, and been impactful in terms of housing provision. Over this, considerable efforts for describing the accumulated empirical tradition have been done, but less in trying to link it with urban and social theories. Therefore, this dissertation contributes by proposing conceptual lenses for approaching and comparing local empirical experiences, so data can be collected at a regional scale, and theorization can eventually be produced. Global housing conditions demand new ways of thinking about housing provision, management, and tenure; hence, valuable lessons can be drawn from the analysis of innovative counter-hegemonic experiences. Comparative case study analysis has been selected as the methodology and some principles coming from post-colonial urban comparative studies are considered. The case studies selected are Sociedad Cooperativa de Vivienda Unión Palo Alto (Mexico) and Asociación Cooperativa de Vivienda La Libertad 13 de Enero (El Salvador), both have adapted principles of the Uruguayan Mutual-Aid Housing Cooperative Network (CVAM), which have extended across Latin America and stands out due to their adaptability, resilience, institutionalization and scaling-up capacity. The main outcomes of the research include: First, a preliminary model for comparative analysis where assumptions are outlined based on conceptual linkages coming from different scholarly traditions. Social Innovation (SI) provides a broader understanding of the social processes underpinning the experiences of Producción Social del Hábitat (Social Production of Habitat); Hope is recognized as a collective force to counteract stagnation, organize actions of housing claim, and set an attainable horizons based on territorial capacities; and Autonomy represents the spatial-temporal process of aligning actions of resistance in a collective pursuit of self-determination that implies participation in decision-making spaces. Second, a comprehensive analysis of the national regulatory framework, the institutional system of the housing sector, and the evolution of both case studies in different periods. Third, a pilot comparative analysis of Social Innovation in Housing (SI-H) where the conceptual categories of the preliminary model are fine-tuned by reflecting over the results coming from the fieldwork, and data is used for cross-analysis. Fourth, results of the interviews and testimonies of experts which provide new perspectives for data interpretation and inform the mapping of the internationalization of Mutual-aid Housing Cooperatives (CVAM) network in Latin America. Finally, conclusions are organized in accordance to the research questions. First, conclusions regarding conceptual links and some original definitions; second, conclusions on the proposed conceptual model and some of its most relevant categories; third, a series of conclusions from the pilot comparison that could inform hypotheses for future research.
D'OVIDIO, MARIANNA
VICARI, SERENA
Innovazione sociale; Alloggi bottom-up; Analisi comparativa; Speranza collettiva; America Latina
Social Innovation; Bottom-up housing; Comparative analysis; Collective hope; America Latina
SPS/10 - SOCIOLOGIA DELL'AMBIENTE E DEL TERRITORIO
English
20-set-2022
URBEUR-STUDI URBANI
34
2020/2021
open
(2022). Processes of Social Innovation in Housing (SI-H) in Latin America: an approach for the comparative analysis of innovative bottom-up housing claim practices. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/392557
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