This thesis aims to study governmental Europeanization as a process of governmental internationalization, addressed to a progressive approximation to the European Union. Since this topic has been deeply studied by several scholars, we decided to tackle a comparative case study analysis, choosing Italy (ITA) and Switzerland (CH) as units of analysis. The logic behind this study relies on the comparison of a European founding State (ITA) with a neutral country with a strong interdependence with the European Union (CH). The object of the analysis is to study how our units of analysis strengthened their relationship with the EU supranational institutions in the last 30 years. We identified two specific paths of governmental internationalization, focusing on their strategy of governmental Europeanization: Italy through “full membership” in the European institutional framework, and Switzerland through “ad hoc” bilateral agreements, identifiable in the literature as “relative Europeanization”. Despite partially sharing their borders, Italy and Switzerland seemed to embrace a “most different criteria” while discussing socio-political aspects. At the same time, both countries seem to care about economic integration in a very similar way. The characteristics of their socio-political and economic background let us identify New Institutionalism as the most appropriate lenses for studying this topic. New Institutionalism allows us to measure the pervasive influence of institutions on the socio/political/economic environments through rules, norms, and other frameworks. More specifically, the branch of Historical Institutionalism is expected to let us identify the evolution of Europeanization strategies in a diachronic logic, considering 1992 (a crucial year because of the Maastricht Treaty) as the starting point of our analysis. Path Dependence Theory, the flagship of Historical Institutionalism, guides the overall explanation tracking two parallel ways of Governmental Europeanization: one keener to delegate power to the EU supranational level, the other keener to defend its political autonomy based on neutrality. As we said, those paths are parallel and addressed towards the same goal: benefitting a wider market, getting opportunities from social exchanges and from a community that shares similar social values. The originality of this thesis is not only based on the considered cases but especially on how approaching them, to interpret the logic of governmental Europeanization during a crucial arch of time and starting from different countries’ constitutional values. After a pertinent analysis of the academic literature about the abovementioned topics, we will introduce the research design and the selected indicators to present empirical evidence from secondary data coming from international surveys, supporting the overall analysis.

Questa tesi si propone di studiare l'europeizzazione dei governi come processo di internazionalizzazione degli stati, volto ad un progressivo avvicinamento alla dinamica sovranazionale dell'Unione Europea. Poiché questo argomento è stato approfondito da diversi studiosi, abbiamo deciso di affrontarne un'analisi comparativa di studi di caso, scegliendo come unità di analisi l'Italia e la Svizzera. La logica alla base di questo studio si basa sul confronto di uno Stato fondatore europeo con un paese neutrale con una forte interdipendenza con l'Unione Europea. L'obiettivo dell'analisi è studiare come le nostre unità di analisi abbiano rafforzato il loro rapporto con le istituzioni sovranazionali dell'UE negli ultimi 30 anni. Abbiamo individuato due percorsi specifici di internazionalizzazione dei governi, concentrandoci sulla loro strategia di europeizzazione, insita nell'azione di governo: l'Italia attraverso la piena appartenenza al quadro istituzionale europeo, e la Svizzera attraverso accordi bilaterali ad hoc, identificabili in letteratura come europeizzazione relativa. Pur condividendo parzialmente i propri confini, Italia e Svizzera sembravano abbracciare paradigmi molto differenti in merito alla connotazione sociopolitica. Allo stesso tempo, entrambi i paesi sembrano preoccuparsi dell'integrazione economica in modo molto simile. Le caratteristiche del loro background socio-politico ed economico ci consentono di identificare il Neo Istituzionalismo come la lente più appropriata per lo studio di questo argomento. Il Neo Istituzionalismo ci consente di misurare l'influenza pervasiva delle istituzioni sull'ambiente sociopolitico ed economico, attraverso le loro regole o norme. Più in particolare, la branca dell'Historical Institutionalism dovrebbe permettere di identificare l'evoluzione delle strategie di europeizzazione in una logica diacronica, considerando il 1992, anno cruciale per la firma del Trattato di Maastricht, come punto di partenza della nostra analisi. La Path Dependence Theory, fiore all'occhiello dell'Historical Institutionalism, guida la spiegazione complessiva tracciando due vie parallele di europeizzazione del governo: una più desiderosa di delegare il potere al livello sovranazionale dell'UE, l'altra più desiderosa di difendere la propria autonomia politica basata sulla neutralità. Come abbiamo detto, quei percorsi sono paralleli ma rivolti allo stesso obiettivo: beneficiare di un mercato più ampio, ottenere opportunità dagli scambi sociali e da una comunità che condivide valori sociali simili. L'originalità di questa tesi non si basa solo sui casi considerati, ma soprattutto su come affrontarli, per interpretare la logica dell'europeizzazione del governo in un arco di tempo cruciale e partendo dai valori costituzionali dei diversi paesi. Dopo un'analisi pertinente della letteratura accademica sui temi sopra menzionati, introdurremo il disegno di ricerca e gli indicatori selezionati per presentare evidenze empiriche da dati secondari provenienti da indagini internazionali, a supporto dell'argomentazione complessiva.

(2022). The Evolution of Governmental Europeanization in two selected countries: Italy and Switzerland in the last 30 years after the Maastricht Treaty.. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022).

The Evolution of Governmental Europeanization in two selected countries: Italy and Switzerland in the last 30 years after the Maastricht Treaty.

UBIALI, ENRICO
2022

Abstract

This thesis aims to study governmental Europeanization as a process of governmental internationalization, addressed to a progressive approximation to the European Union. Since this topic has been deeply studied by several scholars, we decided to tackle a comparative case study analysis, choosing Italy (ITA) and Switzerland (CH) as units of analysis. The logic behind this study relies on the comparison of a European founding State (ITA) with a neutral country with a strong interdependence with the European Union (CH). The object of the analysis is to study how our units of analysis strengthened their relationship with the EU supranational institutions in the last 30 years. We identified two specific paths of governmental internationalization, focusing on their strategy of governmental Europeanization: Italy through “full membership” in the European institutional framework, and Switzerland through “ad hoc” bilateral agreements, identifiable in the literature as “relative Europeanization”. Despite partially sharing their borders, Italy and Switzerland seemed to embrace a “most different criteria” while discussing socio-political aspects. At the same time, both countries seem to care about economic integration in a very similar way. The characteristics of their socio-political and economic background let us identify New Institutionalism as the most appropriate lenses for studying this topic. New Institutionalism allows us to measure the pervasive influence of institutions on the socio/political/economic environments through rules, norms, and other frameworks. More specifically, the branch of Historical Institutionalism is expected to let us identify the evolution of Europeanization strategies in a diachronic logic, considering 1992 (a crucial year because of the Maastricht Treaty) as the starting point of our analysis. Path Dependence Theory, the flagship of Historical Institutionalism, guides the overall explanation tracking two parallel ways of Governmental Europeanization: one keener to delegate power to the EU supranational level, the other keener to defend its political autonomy based on neutrality. As we said, those paths are parallel and addressed towards the same goal: benefitting a wider market, getting opportunities from social exchanges and from a community that shares similar social values. The originality of this thesis is not only based on the considered cases but especially on how approaching them, to interpret the logic of governmental Europeanization during a crucial arch of time and starting from different countries’ constitutional values. After a pertinent analysis of the academic literature about the abovementioned topics, we will introduce the research design and the selected indicators to present empirical evidence from secondary data coming from international surveys, supporting the overall analysis.
STEFANIZZI, SONIA
VILLENEUVE, JEAN PATRICK
Europeizzazione; Neo istituzionalismo; Italia; Svizzera; Fiducia
Europeanization; New Institutionalism; Italy; Switzerland; Fiducia
SPS/07 - SOCIOLOGIA GENERALE
Italian
23-mag-2022
ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROCESSES
34
2020/2021
UNIVERSITA' DELLA SVIZZERA ITALIANA - USI
embargoed_20250523
(2022). The Evolution of Governmental Europeanization in two selected countries: Italy and Switzerland in the last 30 years after the Maastricht Treaty.. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022).
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Descrizione: The Evolution of Governmental Europeanization in two selected countries: a comparative analysis of Italy and Switzerland in the last 30 years after the Maastricht Treaty (1992)
Tipologia di allegato: Doctoral thesis
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/377742
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