The present research investigates the relationship between two topical and relevant themes, creativity and outdoor education, exploring whether and how outdoor educational contexts in primary schools can be fruitful places to promote children's creativity. Starting from an in-depth examination of these two distinct themes – and offering an overview of their different forms and functions – the theoretical framework guiding the research is outlined. With regard to creativity, it is understood as a situated, relational, material and cultural phenomenon, in line with the sociocultural perspective (Glăveanu, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2020; Glăveanu et al., 2019). Accordingly, the context gains relevance insofar as it possesses an inhibitory/permissive power when it comes to the emergence of possibilities for creative action. In this sense, outdoor environments are, by their very nature, more easily deconstructed and multifunctional (Guerra, 2015; 2020), and thus become privileged contexts for acting – including creatively – as well as favorable places for learning, including about sustainability (e.g., Farné et al., 2018; Iavarone et al., 2017; Mortari, 2020; Waite, 2017). The intertwining of creativity and outdoor education is explored from the analysis of the existing literature through two different scoping reviews (Arksey & O'Malley, 2005), which highlight a potential connection particularly through the sociocultural perspectives on affordance theory (Borghi, 2018; Glăveanu, 2012, 2020; Kyttä, 2003, 2004; Waters, 2017). In order to qualitatively observe such creative outdoors affordances – and inspired by previous work (Canning, 2016, 2017) – the empirical study took the form of an exploratory video research (Bove, 2007; Derry, 2007; Goldman et al., 2007) with the researcher immersed in the field, along with children from two primary schools in Lombardy during outdoor lessons or recess. Alongside and in support of the video recordings, photographs taken by the children were collected in view of what they recognized as creative outdoors; those were then discussed in photo-elicitation interviews (e.g., Bignante, 2010) with the aim of bringing out the participants’ intentionality. The work started from the definition of creative outdoor affordances as occasions in which the action departs from what is commonly known or from routine behaviors and that, in some way, goes beyond personal intentions, the materiality of the context and/or the set of norms that connote it. These affordances take shape in possibilities for action hitherto not perceived, not invented or not yet exploited in that context (Glăveanu, 2012, 2020). From the repeated viewing of the collected footage – considered as data sources –, and with the support of the literature, numerous episodes were extrapolated and analyzed thematically (Braun & Clarke, 2006; Clarke & Braun, 2017) at a deductive level (guided by theory), and then in an inductive mode – as the data itself informed the theoretical framework. The study allowed for the discussion of outdoor contexts as environments that offer a variety of opportunities for creative action for children, who, in different forms and modalities, have perceived, invented, and exploited various affordances. The collected video data also made possible to make an initial analysis of the contextual variables facilitating or inhibiting the emergence of creative affordances. The children's perspective, considered within a mosaic approach (Clark & Moss, 2014; Clark, 2017) through the photographs and interviews, consistently highlighted the perception of elements of creativity outdoors by those who experience these kinds of contexts on a daily basis. In the concluding part, methodological implications, critical points, and future research possibilities are explored.

La ricerca presentata indaga la relazione tra due tematiche di attualità e pregnanza, la creatività e l’educazione all’aperto, esplorando se e in che modo i contesti educativi all’aperto riferiti alla scuola primaria possano rappresentare luoghi fertili per promuovere la creatività di bambine e bambini. A partire da un approfondimento sui due singoli temi, che offrono una panoramica sulle relative declinazioni, si delinea il framework teorico in cui si posiziona la ricerca. Per quanto riguarda la creatività, essa viene intesa come un fenomeno situato, relazionale, materiale e culturale, dunque in una prospettiva socioculturale (Glăveanu, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2020; Glăveanu et al., 2019). Ne deriva che il contesto assume particolare rilevanza in quanto possiede un potere inibitore/permissivo all’emergere delle possibilità di azione creativa di chi lo attraversa. In questo senso, gli ambienti outdoor, per loro natura più facilmente destrutturati e polifunzionali (Guerra, 2015; 2020), si connotano come contesto privilegiato di opportunità di azione, anche creative, oltre a rappresentare dei luoghi favorevoli per l’apprendimento, anche in merito alla sostenibilità (Farné et al., 2018; Iavarone et al., 2017; Mortari, 2020; Waite, 2017). L’intreccio che unisce creatività ed educazione all’aperto viene esplorato a partire dall’analisi della letteratura esistente mediante due differenti scoping review (Arksey & O’Malley, 2005), che evidenziano una potenziale connessione data dalle prospettive socioculturali sulla teoria delle affordances (Borghi, 2018; Glăveanu, 2012, 2020; Kyttä, 2003, 2004; Waters, 2017). Per poter osservare qualitativamente tali affordances creative all’aperto, e su ispirazione di lavori precedenti (Canning, 2016, 2017), l’indagine si è concretizzata in una videoricerca (Bove, 2007; Derry, 2007; Goldman et al., 2007) esplorativa che ha visto la ricercatrice immersa nel campo insieme a bambine e bambini di due scuole primarie lombarde in momenti di lezione o di intervallo all’aperto. Accanto e a supporto delle riprese video, sono state raccolte delle fotografie scattate dagli stessi bambini relativamente a ciò che riconoscevano come creativo all’aperto, poi discusse in una intervista per photo-elicitation (Bignante, 2010) con l’obiettivo di far emergere le loro intenzionalità. Il lavoro muove dalla definizione delle affordances creative all’aperto come quelle occasioni in cui l’azione si discosta da ciò che è comunemente noto o dai comportamenti routinari e che, in qualche modo, travalica le intenzioni personali, la materialità del contesto e/o l’insieme delle norme che lo connotano e prende forma in possibilità di azione fino a quel momento non percepite, non inventate oppure non ancora sperimentate in quel contesto (Glăveanu, 2012, 2020). Dalle ripetute visioni dei filmati raccolti, intesi come fonti di dati, e con il supporto della letteratura, vengono estrapolati numerosi episodi analizzati tematicamente (Braun & Clarke, 2006; Clarke & Braun, 2017) a livello deduttivo, orientati dalla teoria, per poi procedere in modalità induttiva poiché i dati stessi informano la cornice teorica di partenza. Lo studio permette di discutere i contesti outdoor come ambienti che offrono svariate occasioni di azione creativa a bambine e bambini, che, in diverse forme e declinazioni, hanno percepito, inventato e attuato. I dati video raccolti hanno consentito, inoltre, di operare una prima analisi sulle variabili contestuali concorrenti l’emergere delle affordances creative. La prospettiva dei bambini, considerata in un approccio a mosaico (Clark & Moss, 2014; Clark, 2017) attraverso le fotografie e le interviste, testimonia in modo coerente la percezione di elementi di creatività all’aperto da parte di chi quei contesti li vive quotidianamente. In conclusione vengono esplorate le implicazioni metodologiche, i punti di criticità e le possibilità di ricerca future.

(2022). Creatività fuori: una esplorazione delle affordances creative in esperienze all’aperto alla scuola primaria. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022).

Creatività fuori: una esplorazione delle affordances creative in esperienze all’aperto alla scuola primaria

VILLA, FEDERICA VALERIA
2022

Abstract

The present research investigates the relationship between two topical and relevant themes, creativity and outdoor education, exploring whether and how outdoor educational contexts in primary schools can be fruitful places to promote children's creativity. Starting from an in-depth examination of these two distinct themes – and offering an overview of their different forms and functions – the theoretical framework guiding the research is outlined. With regard to creativity, it is understood as a situated, relational, material and cultural phenomenon, in line with the sociocultural perspective (Glăveanu, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2020; Glăveanu et al., 2019). Accordingly, the context gains relevance insofar as it possesses an inhibitory/permissive power when it comes to the emergence of possibilities for creative action. In this sense, outdoor environments are, by their very nature, more easily deconstructed and multifunctional (Guerra, 2015; 2020), and thus become privileged contexts for acting – including creatively – as well as favorable places for learning, including about sustainability (e.g., Farné et al., 2018; Iavarone et al., 2017; Mortari, 2020; Waite, 2017). The intertwining of creativity and outdoor education is explored from the analysis of the existing literature through two different scoping reviews (Arksey & O'Malley, 2005), which highlight a potential connection particularly through the sociocultural perspectives on affordance theory (Borghi, 2018; Glăveanu, 2012, 2020; Kyttä, 2003, 2004; Waters, 2017). In order to qualitatively observe such creative outdoors affordances – and inspired by previous work (Canning, 2016, 2017) – the empirical study took the form of an exploratory video research (Bove, 2007; Derry, 2007; Goldman et al., 2007) with the researcher immersed in the field, along with children from two primary schools in Lombardy during outdoor lessons or recess. Alongside and in support of the video recordings, photographs taken by the children were collected in view of what they recognized as creative outdoors; those were then discussed in photo-elicitation interviews (e.g., Bignante, 2010) with the aim of bringing out the participants’ intentionality. The work started from the definition of creative outdoor affordances as occasions in which the action departs from what is commonly known or from routine behaviors and that, in some way, goes beyond personal intentions, the materiality of the context and/or the set of norms that connote it. These affordances take shape in possibilities for action hitherto not perceived, not invented or not yet exploited in that context (Glăveanu, 2012, 2020). From the repeated viewing of the collected footage – considered as data sources –, and with the support of the literature, numerous episodes were extrapolated and analyzed thematically (Braun & Clarke, 2006; Clarke & Braun, 2017) at a deductive level (guided by theory), and then in an inductive mode – as the data itself informed the theoretical framework. The study allowed for the discussion of outdoor contexts as environments that offer a variety of opportunities for creative action for children, who, in different forms and modalities, have perceived, invented, and exploited various affordances. The collected video data also made possible to make an initial analysis of the contextual variables facilitating or inhibiting the emergence of creative affordances. The children's perspective, considered within a mosaic approach (Clark & Moss, 2014; Clark, 2017) through the photographs and interviews, consistently highlighted the perception of elements of creativity outdoors by those who experience these kinds of contexts on a daily basis. In the concluding part, methodological implications, critical points, and future research possibilities are explored.
GUERRA, MONICA
GLAVEANU, VLAD
creatività; educazione outdoor; videoricerca; affordance; scuola primaria
creativity; outdoor education; video research; affordance; scuola primaria
M-PED/01 - PEDAGOGIA GENERALE E SOCIALE
Italian
18-feb-2022
EDUCAZIONE NELLA SOCIETA' CONTEMPORANEA
34
2020/2021
embargoed_20250218
(2022). Creatività fuori: una esplorazione delle affordances creative in esperienze all’aperto alla scuola primaria. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/363768
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