The exact significance of the Rule of Law principle has been subject to political, historical, philosophical, and legal influences ever since antiquity. Indeed, identifying its meaning is still – and will probably remain – the elephant in the room. Its widely complicated, elusive, vague, and multidimensional nature makes any Rule of Law discussion quite challenging. In the research, while relying upon the traditional significance of the Rule of Law in Europe, we will analyze a new European approach to the principle, shifting from a theoretical to a practical and operational notion. The thesis focuses on the Venice Commission's role in identifying a new notion of Rule of Law and its practical implementation within its Member States. The thesis starts with a reconstruction of the principle’s historical affirmation in Europe from a national point of view through an analysis of the Anglo-American, German and French experiences. Then, projecting the notion in the European scenario, the thesis will focus on the supranational conception of the Rule of Law principle. It will analyze it both in the Council of Europe and European Union scenarios, starting with its formal provision in the Organizations’ founding documents and then concentrating on its practical implementation. This second part will pay specific attention to the interpretative and creative work conducted on the principle by the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union. With the aim to identify the European common standards on the Rule of Law, it will analyze the most relevant Rule of Law-related case-law. After a brief introduction to the Venice Commission’s composition and credentials, the work exposes its contribution to creating a common European framework on the Rule of Law. Specifically, it presents the innovative aspect of the Venice Commission’s approach to the Rule of Law principle, highlighting three original facets of its working method, defined as inclusive, operational and systemic. Once described the VC’s working method and the innovative aspects of its approach to the Rule of Law, the work focuses on its understanding of the principle. First, the thesis discusses the framework in which the VC’s notion has been developed. After having identified the sources, the work focuses on the principle’s content. We will identify and discuss the elements selected by the Venice Commission as ‘core values’ of the Rule of Law principle. This part of the work will rely on the ECtHR’s and CJEU’s case law and their contribution to identifying common standards on the Rule of Law and on the VC’s interpretation of such standards. Once detected the standards and the benchmarks on the Rule of Law selected by the Venice Commission, the third chapter, adopting a case-study approach, analyzes their practical implementation through the VC’s working method. The analysis converges on some recent and relevant opinions, adopted after the creation of the Rule of Law Checklist, in which the VC has issued its assessment concerning the conformity of the state’s legal framework with the identified Rule of Law’s standards in Europe. This practical approach consists of the study of the Commission’s application within its Member Stats of the standards it has identified and developed based on the common European heritage. The rationale of the research will be to demonstrate the success of the VC’s working method in the Rule of Law’s enforcement within its Member States and the potential strengths of adopting a Common European definition of the principle. As we will see, indeed, a consensual approach on the content of the Rule of Law principle among European organizations and States will surely bring important results in the fight against illiberalism and give new impetus to the promotion of the European founding values.

Il significato esatto del principio dello stato di diritto è stato soggetto a influenze politiche, storiche, filosofiche e legali sin dall'antichità. In effetti, identificarne chiaramente il contenuto è molto difficile. La sua natura complessa, elusiva, vaga e multidimensionale rende qualsiasi discussione sullo Stato di diritto alquanto impegnativa. La tesi è incentrata sul ruolo della Commissione di Venezia nell'individuare una nuova nozione di stato di diritto da applicare nella pratica all'interno dei suoi Stati membri. La tesi inizia con una ricostruzione dell'affermazione storica del principio in Europa da un punto di vista nazionale attraverso un'analisi delle esperienze anglo-americana, tedesca e francese. Quindi, proiettando la nozione nello scenario europeo, la tesi si concentra sulla concezione sovranazionale del principio dello stato di diritto. Lo analizza sia nello scenario del Consiglio d'Europa che in quello dell'Unione Europea, cominciando dalla sua previsione formale nei documenti costitutivi delle Organizzazioni per poi concentrarsi sulla sua attuazione pratica. Questa seconda parte pone particolare attenzione sul lavoro interpretativo e creativo condotto sul principio dalla Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo e dalla Corte di giustizia dell'Unione europea. Al fine di identificare gli standard comuni europei sullo Stato di diritto, viene analizzata la giurisprudenza più rilevante relativa allo Stato di diritto. Dopo una breve introduzione sulla composizione e le credenziali della Commissione di Venezia, il lavoro espone il suo contributo alla creazione di un quadro comune europeo sullo stato di diritto. Nello specifico, vengono presentati gli aspetti innovativi dell'approccio della Commissione di Venezia al principio dello stato di diritto, evidenziando tre sfaccettature originali del suo metodo di lavoro, definito come inclusivo, operativo e sistemico. Una volta descritto il metodo di lavoro della Commissione e gli aspetti innovativi del suo approccio allo Stato di diritto, il lavoro si concentra sulla sua concezione del principio. In primo luogo, la tesi discute il quadro in cui è stata sviluppata la nozione di stato di diritto. Dopo aver identificato le fonti, il lavoro si concentra sul contenuto del principio. Vengono identificati e discussi gli elementi selezionati dalla Commissione di Venezia come "valori fondamentali" del principio sulla base della giurisprudenza della Corte EDU e della CGUE e sul loro contributo all'identificazione di standard comuni sullo stato di diritto, nonché sull'interpretazione di tali standard da parte del VC. Una volta individuati gli standard ed i benchmark sullo stato di diritto selezionati dalla Commissione di Venezia, il terzo capitolo, adottando un approccio casistico, ne analizza l'attuazione pratica. L'analisi converge su alcuni pareri recenti adottati dopo la creazione della Rule of Law Checklist, in cui la Commissione ha valutato la conformità del quadro giuridico nazionale con gli standard dello stato di diritto in Europa. Questo approccio pratico consiste nello studio dell'applicazione da parte della Commissione, all'interno dei suoi Stati membri, degli standard che ha identificato e sviluppato sulla base del patrimonio costituzionale europeo. La finalità della ricerca è dimostrare il successo del metodo di lavoro della Commissione di Venezia nell'applicazione dello stato di diritto all'interno dei suoi Stati membri e i potenziali punti di forza dell'adozione di una definizione comune europea del principio. Come vedremo, infatti, un approccio comune sul contenuto del principio in Europa porterà sicuramente risultati importanti nella risoluzione della crisi dello stato di diritto e darà nuovo impulso alla promozione dei valori fondamentali europei.

(2021). The Contribution of the Venice Commission to the Strengthening of the Rule of Law in Europe. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021).

The Contribution of the Venice Commission to the Strengthening of the Rule of Law in Europe

MAURI, FRANCESCA
2021

Abstract

The exact significance of the Rule of Law principle has been subject to political, historical, philosophical, and legal influences ever since antiquity. Indeed, identifying its meaning is still – and will probably remain – the elephant in the room. Its widely complicated, elusive, vague, and multidimensional nature makes any Rule of Law discussion quite challenging. In the research, while relying upon the traditional significance of the Rule of Law in Europe, we will analyze a new European approach to the principle, shifting from a theoretical to a practical and operational notion. The thesis focuses on the Venice Commission's role in identifying a new notion of Rule of Law and its practical implementation within its Member States. The thesis starts with a reconstruction of the principle’s historical affirmation in Europe from a national point of view through an analysis of the Anglo-American, German and French experiences. Then, projecting the notion in the European scenario, the thesis will focus on the supranational conception of the Rule of Law principle. It will analyze it both in the Council of Europe and European Union scenarios, starting with its formal provision in the Organizations’ founding documents and then concentrating on its practical implementation. This second part will pay specific attention to the interpretative and creative work conducted on the principle by the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union. With the aim to identify the European common standards on the Rule of Law, it will analyze the most relevant Rule of Law-related case-law. After a brief introduction to the Venice Commission’s composition and credentials, the work exposes its contribution to creating a common European framework on the Rule of Law. Specifically, it presents the innovative aspect of the Venice Commission’s approach to the Rule of Law principle, highlighting three original facets of its working method, defined as inclusive, operational and systemic. Once described the VC’s working method and the innovative aspects of its approach to the Rule of Law, the work focuses on its understanding of the principle. First, the thesis discusses the framework in which the VC’s notion has been developed. After having identified the sources, the work focuses on the principle’s content. We will identify and discuss the elements selected by the Venice Commission as ‘core values’ of the Rule of Law principle. This part of the work will rely on the ECtHR’s and CJEU’s case law and their contribution to identifying common standards on the Rule of Law and on the VC’s interpretation of such standards. Once detected the standards and the benchmarks on the Rule of Law selected by the Venice Commission, the third chapter, adopting a case-study approach, analyzes their practical implementation through the VC’s working method. The analysis converges on some recent and relevant opinions, adopted after the creation of the Rule of Law Checklist, in which the VC has issued its assessment concerning the conformity of the state’s legal framework with the identified Rule of Law’s standards in Europe. This practical approach consists of the study of the Commission’s application within its Member Stats of the standards it has identified and developed based on the common European heritage. The rationale of the research will be to demonstrate the success of the VC’s working method in the Rule of Law’s enforcement within its Member States and the potential strengths of adopting a Common European definition of the principle. As we will see, indeed, a consensual approach on the content of the Rule of Law principle among European organizations and States will surely bring important results in the fight against illiberalism and give new impetus to the promotion of the European founding values.
NINATTI, STEFANIA
TANCREDI, ANTONELLO
Stato di diritto; Venice Commission; RoL Checklist; Unione Europea; Consiglio d'Europa
Venice Commission; Rule of Law; RoL Checklist; European Union; Consiglio d'Europa
IUS/08 - DIRITTO COSTITUZIONALE
English
6-lug-2021
SCIENZE GIURIDICHE
33
2019/2020
open
(2021). The Contribution of the Venice Commission to the Strengthening of the Rule of Law in Europe. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021).
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Descrizione: The Contribution of the Venice Commission to the Strengthening of the Rule of Law in Europe
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/325858
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