The role of the green and natural spaces has been widely debated in the context of the urban transition towards sustainability. Numerous scientific contributions have underlined the multifunctional value of green and open natural spaces for the liveability and the well-being of large urban areas. Green infrastructures have become a crucial issue in the governance of European urban areas: a relevant element for sustainable urban planning, a valuable investment for developers and a demand from citizens’ bottom-up organisations. This thesis focuses on the social distribution of green spaces and on the political articulation that contributes to generate ecosystem services in the metropolitan areas of Milan and Brussels. By combining the theoretical insights and the methodological tools of diverse disciplines, such as urban sociology and political ecology, an innovative approach in the study of urban green spaces and ecosystem services is put forward. The thesis builds on two interrelated research paths. The first research direction studies the distribution of three ecosystem services – carbon storage, heat mitigation and run-off reduction – in relation to the territorial and socio-economic features of the metropolitan areas. The aim is to understand where the green spaces are located in the metropolitan areas (e.g., periurban, suburban, central places) and who among the urban populations can benefit from the ecosystem services, highlighting territorial and social vulnerabilities. To do so, territorial ecological and sociological data are combined, using GIS tools of analysis. The second research path elaborates on the governance of greening in Brussels and Milan, focusing on the political and economic capacities of the institutional and private actors involved in green planning and management. The objective is to comprehend the political vision that underpins greening policies, underlying the differences between Milan and Brussels. For this purpose, qualitative methods are employed, such as interviews to relevant stakeholders and the analysis of planning documents. This thesis argues that semi-rural areas and periurban forests represent important potential carbon sinks, while urban parks and small green infrastructures provide essential regulating functions for climate change adaptation. By studying heat mitigation and runoff retention, the research claims that the value of regulating services depends not only on the ecosystem functions, but also on the socio-territorial needs, and especially on the vulnerabilities inscribed in historical and political urban processes. Finally, through the study of the governance and of the actors involved in green planning and management, two approaches towards greening are delineated: Milan’s market-oriented idea of sustainability and Brussels’s public driven conception of sustainable urban development.

Il tema degli spazi verdi e della natura urbana è ampiamente discusso nel contesto delle politiche per la transizione verso la sostenibilità urbana. Numerose ricerche scientifiche hanno sottolineato il valore multifunzionale delle aree verdi e degli spazi naturali per l’abitabilità e il benessere delle aree urbane e del loro hinterland. Al contempo le infrastrutture verdi hanno assunto un ruolo preponderante nella governance delle aree urbane europee contemporanee. Infrastrutture verdi e servizi ecosistemici rappresentano non solo un elemento chiave della pianificazione urbanistica sostenibile, ma anche un investimento proficuo per gli imprenditori edili, nonché l’oggetto di rivendicazioni da parte di associazioni territoriali e movimenti sociali. Questa tesi propone un approccio innovativo allo studio degli spazi verdi e dei servizi ecosistemici, poiché connette le teorie e gli strumenti metodologici di diverse discipline, tra cui la sociologia urbana e l’ecologia politica. La tesi affronta il tema della distribuzione sociale degli spazi verdi e dell’articolazione politica che contribuisce a generare servizi ecosistemici nelle aree metropolitane di Milano e Bruxelles. Si sviluppa dunque su due questioni generali tra loro interconnesse. Da una parte, la ricerca analizza la distribuzione di tre servizi ecosistemici: lo stoccaggio di carbonio, la riduzione del calore urbano e la mitigazione del rischio di alluvioni. Le informazioni sui servizi ecosistemici sono lette in relazione alle caratteristiche territoriali e socioeconomiche delle aree metropolitane. Il primo obiettivo è dunque comprendere dove sono collocati gli spazi verdi e chi può beneficiare dei servizi ecosistemici, mettendo in luce vulnerabilità territoriali e sociali. A questo scopo sono utilizzati gli strumenti di analisi GIS per unire dati territoriali ecologici e sociologici. Dall’altra parte, la ricerca approfondisce la struttura della governance di Bruxelles e Milano, soffermandosi sulle capacità politiche ed economiche degli attori istituzionali e privati coinvolti nella pianificazione e nella gestione del verde. Il secondo obiettivo è quindi comprendere la visione che sostiene le politiche legate al verde e mettere in luce le differenze tra Milano e Bruxelles attraverso l’analisi di documenti e di interviste ai principali stakeholders coinvolti. La tesi dimostra che le aree semirurali e i boschi periurbani sono importanti depositi di carbonio, mentre i parchi urbani e le infrastrutture verdi garantiscono funzioni regolative fondamentali per l’adattamento al cambiamento climatico. L’analisi della mitigazione del calore urbano e della riduzione del rischio idrogeologico mette in luce che il valore dei servizi ecosistemici regolativi dipende non solo dalle funzioni ecosistemiche, ma anche dalle esigenze socio-territoriali e, in modo particolare, dalle vulnerabilità insite nei processi di urbanizzazione. A questo proposito, la tesi delinea le caratteristiche di due approcci politici alternativi: l’idea di sostenibilità orientata all’attrattività urbana e agli investimenti privati che caratterizza Milano e la concezione pubblica di sviluppo urbano sostenibile di Bruxelles.

(2021). Trajectories of greening. The distribution, generation and articulation of ecosystem services in the metropolitan areas of Milan and Brussels. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021).

Trajectories of greening. The distribution, generation and articulation of ecosystem services in the metropolitan areas of Milan and Brussels

AZZIMONTI, OSCAR LUIGI
2021

Abstract

The role of the green and natural spaces has been widely debated in the context of the urban transition towards sustainability. Numerous scientific contributions have underlined the multifunctional value of green and open natural spaces for the liveability and the well-being of large urban areas. Green infrastructures have become a crucial issue in the governance of European urban areas: a relevant element for sustainable urban planning, a valuable investment for developers and a demand from citizens’ bottom-up organisations. This thesis focuses on the social distribution of green spaces and on the political articulation that contributes to generate ecosystem services in the metropolitan areas of Milan and Brussels. By combining the theoretical insights and the methodological tools of diverse disciplines, such as urban sociology and political ecology, an innovative approach in the study of urban green spaces and ecosystem services is put forward. The thesis builds on two interrelated research paths. The first research direction studies the distribution of three ecosystem services – carbon storage, heat mitigation and run-off reduction – in relation to the territorial and socio-economic features of the metropolitan areas. The aim is to understand where the green spaces are located in the metropolitan areas (e.g., periurban, suburban, central places) and who among the urban populations can benefit from the ecosystem services, highlighting territorial and social vulnerabilities. To do so, territorial ecological and sociological data are combined, using GIS tools of analysis. The second research path elaborates on the governance of greening in Brussels and Milan, focusing on the political and economic capacities of the institutional and private actors involved in green planning and management. The objective is to comprehend the political vision that underpins greening policies, underlying the differences between Milan and Brussels. For this purpose, qualitative methods are employed, such as interviews to relevant stakeholders and the analysis of planning documents. This thesis argues that semi-rural areas and periurban forests represent important potential carbon sinks, while urban parks and small green infrastructures provide essential regulating functions for climate change adaptation. By studying heat mitigation and runoff retention, the research claims that the value of regulating services depends not only on the ecosystem functions, but also on the socio-territorial needs, and especially on the vulnerabilities inscribed in historical and political urban processes. Finally, through the study of the governance and of the actors involved in green planning and management, two approaches towards greening are delineated: Milan’s market-oriented idea of sustainability and Brussels’s public driven conception of sustainable urban development.
COLLEONI, MATTEO
Servizi ecosistemici; Area metropolitana; Vulnerabilità; Sostenibilità; Governance
Ecosystem services; Metropolitan area; Social vulnerability; Sustainability; Governance
SPS/10 - SOCIOLOGIA DELL'AMBIENTE E DEL TERRITORIO
English
30-apr-2021
URBEUR-STUDI URBANI
33
2019/2020
open
(2021). Trajectories of greening. The distribution, generation and articulation of ecosystem services in the metropolitan areas of Milan and Brussels. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021).
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Descrizione: Trajectories of greening. The distribution, generation and articulation of ecosystem services in the metropolitan areas of Milan and Brussels
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/315628
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