In this thesis work, the trapping and luminescence properties of point defects in quartz have been studied. Such properties are used in retrospective dosimetry in order to evaluate the age of archaeological artefacts, the age of geological sediments and the absorbed radiation in the event of nuclear accidents. The study aims at clarifying the specific mechanisms that rule such properties in quartz. Despite being quartz a well-known material and many applications in the aforementioned fields already existing, these are based on empirical methods and a theory that can explain and predict the emissions in quartz in a detailed way is still incomplete. To do so, two luminescence techniques are used, both induced, directly or indirectly, by ionizing radiation such as thermoluminescence (TL) and radioluminescence (RL), and a technique to study paramagnetic defects, or in general unpaired electrons, that is electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). In fact, TL and RL alone are not enough to directly identify the defects that are responsible for such emissions, but it is possible to try to correlate their data with other techniques that can directly observe such defects, such as EPR. By correlating TL and EPR data, germanium related centres with trapped electrons, specifically [GeO4]- and [GeO4/Li+]0, have been identified as responsible for the TL emissions known as the peaks at 110 °C and 375 °C. At the same time, it was also possible to identify an anomaly in the thermal stability of one of these germanium centres, responsible for the 110 °C peak, confirming the correlation of the two signals, TL and EPR, but also raising new potential critical issues in the applications for dating and dosimetry. Through EPR studies, new unreported paramagnetic centres have been identified and their thermal stability has been characterized. One of them has been assigned to a centre compensated by interstitial hydrogen, while the others are still lacking a precise labelling. The thermal stability of titanium and aluminium related centres has also been studied, in search of possible correlations with luminescence properties. Some proposals have been advanced, but further studies are needed for this last specific point. Through RL and TL, it has been shown how the emission wavelengths in quartz are very sample dependent and how they are influenced by the thermal history of the studied sample. Specifically, through wavelength resolved TL it was possible to show how the properties of the studied samples do not agree with some published theoretical models. The study was able to propose an alternative, although so far just at a qualitative level. Such proposal claims that there may be spatial correlations between point defects in quartz, allowing specific direct recombination with no passage in the conduction and valence bands of the material. Despite this study is far from having found a complete description of quartz behaviour, new important steps have been added to the huge specific literature, contributing to a deeper comprehension of the luminescence properties of this material.

In questo lavoro di tesi sono state studiate le proprietà di intrappolamento e luminescenza dei difetti di punto nel quarzo. Tali proprietà sono usate in dosimetria retrospettiva al fine di valutare età archeologiche di reperti ceramici, età geologiche di sedimenti e radiazioni assorbite in casi di incidenti nucleari. Lo studio vuole fare chiarezza sui meccanismi specifici che governano tali proprietà nel quarzo. Nonostante il materiale sia arcinoto e già esistano applicazioni di questo materiale nei campi citati, queste ultime si basano su metodi empirici ed una teoria che possa spiegare e prevedere nel dettaglio le emissioni del quarzo è ancora incompleta. Per fare ciò, sono state sfruttate sia tecniche di luminescenza indotte, direttamente o indirettamente, da radiazioni ionizzanti quali termoluminescenza (TL) e radioluminescenza (RL), sia una tecnica che studia i difetti paramagnetici, o in generale elettroni non accoppiati, ovvero la risonanza paramagnetica elettronica (EPR). TL e RL infatti non sono in grado da sole di poter identificare quali difetti siano responsabili delle emissioni del quarzo, ma è possibile cercare correlazioni usando tecniche che invece possono osservare direttamente tali difetti, come appunto la tecnica EPR. Correlando dati di TL ed EPR è stato possibile identificare impurezze di germanio con elettroni intrappolati, in particolare le trappole per elettroni [GeO4]- e [GeO4/Li+]0, come responsabili di emissioni di TL, i cosiddetti picchi a 110 °C e 375 °C. Nel corso dello studio è stato inoltre possibile individuare un'anomalia nella stabilità termica di uno di questi centri germanio, responsabile per il picco a 110 °C, confermando comunque la correlazione tra i due segnali ma sollevando nuove possibili criticità nelle applicazioni a fini di datazione e dosimetria. Tramite gli studi EPR è stato inoltre possibile individuare nuovi centri paramagnetici mai riportati in letteratura e ne è stata caratterizzata la stabilità termica. Uno di essi è stato assegnato a un centro compensato con idrogeno interstiziale, mentre gli altri ancora necessitano una precisa assegnazione. È stata inoltre studiata la stabilità termica di centri legati a impurezze di titanio e alluminio al fine di cercare possibili correlazioni con proprietà di luminescenza. Delle possibilità sono state proposte, ma sono necessari ulteriori studi riguardo questo specifico punto. Tramite RL e TL è stato mostrato inoltre come le lunghezze d'onda di emissione del quarzo siano molto dipendenti dal tipo di campione studiato e dalla sua storia termica. In particolare, tramite TL risolta in lunghezza d'onda è stato possibile mostrare come le proprietà dei campioni studiati non siano in accordo con alcuni modelli teorici pubblicati in letteratura. Lo studio ha consentito di proporre un'alternativa, seppur finora come modello qualitativo. Tale proposta sostiene che possano esistere correlazioni spaziali tra diversi difetti di punto nel quarzo, consentendo ricombinazioni specifiche senza l'ausilio delle bande di conduzione e valenza del materiale. Benché lo studio sia ben lontano dall'aver trovato una descrizione completa nei comportamenti del quarzo, nuovi importanti tasselli sono stati aggiunti ai decenni di studi pubblicati, avvicinando la comunità scientifica al traguardo finale della comprensione dei processi di luminescenza di questo materiale.

(2021). Point defects in quartz: Role in trapping and luminescence. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021).

Point defects in quartz: Role in trapping and luminescence

MONTI, ANDREA MAURIZIO
2021

Abstract

In this thesis work, the trapping and luminescence properties of point defects in quartz have been studied. Such properties are used in retrospective dosimetry in order to evaluate the age of archaeological artefacts, the age of geological sediments and the absorbed radiation in the event of nuclear accidents. The study aims at clarifying the specific mechanisms that rule such properties in quartz. Despite being quartz a well-known material and many applications in the aforementioned fields already existing, these are based on empirical methods and a theory that can explain and predict the emissions in quartz in a detailed way is still incomplete. To do so, two luminescence techniques are used, both induced, directly or indirectly, by ionizing radiation such as thermoluminescence (TL) and radioluminescence (RL), and a technique to study paramagnetic defects, or in general unpaired electrons, that is electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). In fact, TL and RL alone are not enough to directly identify the defects that are responsible for such emissions, but it is possible to try to correlate their data with other techniques that can directly observe such defects, such as EPR. By correlating TL and EPR data, germanium related centres with trapped electrons, specifically [GeO4]- and [GeO4/Li+]0, have been identified as responsible for the TL emissions known as the peaks at 110 °C and 375 °C. At the same time, it was also possible to identify an anomaly in the thermal stability of one of these germanium centres, responsible for the 110 °C peak, confirming the correlation of the two signals, TL and EPR, but also raising new potential critical issues in the applications for dating and dosimetry. Through EPR studies, new unreported paramagnetic centres have been identified and their thermal stability has been characterized. One of them has been assigned to a centre compensated by interstitial hydrogen, while the others are still lacking a precise labelling. The thermal stability of titanium and aluminium related centres has also been studied, in search of possible correlations with luminescence properties. Some proposals have been advanced, but further studies are needed for this last specific point. Through RL and TL, it has been shown how the emission wavelengths in quartz are very sample dependent and how they are influenced by the thermal history of the studied sample. Specifically, through wavelength resolved TL it was possible to show how the properties of the studied samples do not agree with some published theoretical models. The study was able to propose an alternative, although so far just at a qualitative level. Such proposal claims that there may be spatial correlations between point defects in quartz, allowing specific direct recombination with no passage in the conduction and valence bands of the material. Despite this study is far from having found a complete description of quartz behaviour, new important steps have been added to the huge specific literature, contributing to a deeper comprehension of the luminescence properties of this material.
MARTINI, MARCO
Quarzo; Termoluminescenza; Radioluminescenza; EPR; Radiaz. ionizzanti
Quartz; Thermoluminescence; Radioluminescence; EPR; Radiaz. ionizzanti
FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA)
Italian
13-apr-2021
SCIENZA E NANOTECNOLOGIA DEI MATERIALI
33
2019/2020
open
(2021). Point defects in quartz: Role in trapping and luminescence. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/311082
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