My research activity during the PhD has focused mainly on the development of new silicon pixel sensors for the upgrade of the CMS experiment inner tracker in view of the CERN LHC High Luminosity phase (HL-LHC), an activity I started to work on during my master thesis. These sensors must be capable of surviving irradiation fluences up to a few 10^16 neq/cm^2 at ~ 3 cm from the interaction point. The R&D program carried out by an INFN ATLAS-CMS group, in collaboration with Fondazione Bruno Kessler, covers both planar and 3D pixel devices made on substrates obtained by the Direct Wafer Bonding technique. Using this technology, every fabrication process takes place on one side only of the wafer, with consequent cost savings. The active thickness of the planar sensors studied in this thesis is 100 um or 130 um, that of 3D sensors 130 um. Sensors belonging to the first batches have pixel cells with dimensions of 100 x 150 um^2, same as the sensors currently installed in CMS. These dimensions have been reduced to 25 x 100 um^2 and 50 x 50 um^2 in order to cope with the higher track multiplicity expected at HL-LHC. Prototypes of hybrid modules, bump-bonded to different readout chips, have been characterized in beam tests. Results on their performance before and after irradiation up to maximum fluence of ∼ 1 x 10^16 neq/cm^2 are reported in this thesis. After a couple of years working on the characterization of the new prototypes I became interested also on the impact of the pixel detector on the physics program of the experiment. At the beginning of my second year of PhD I started to look for a physics analysis where the information of the pixel detector is largely exploited. I chose to work on the search for double Higgs boson production in final states with 2 b-jets and 2 tau leptons since the reconstruction of the b-jets and tau leptons makes large use of vertexes and tracks information. Another reason why I chose this analysis is that it will benefit from the incremented statistics foreseen at HL-LHC, possibly leading to the first experimental evidence of HH production. Double Higgs searches play a fundamental role in the characterization of the Higgs boson as they represent the favorite channel to measure the Higgs boson trilinear self coupling. Any deviation from the theoretical predictions of the Standard Model would lead to sizable changes in both the kinematics and production rate of HH events, thus making double Higgs searches sensitive to new physics effects. The bbtau^+tau^-final state represents one of the most interesting channels to explore double Higgs production, because of the high branching ratio and the relatively small background contamination. The strategy developed to analyze data collected by the CMS experiment during the LHC Run 2 (2016 + 2017 + 2018), corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb^-1, is described in this thesis. The expected sensitivity of the analysis, targeting both the Gluon Fusion (GGF) and Vector Boson Fusion (VBF) production channels, is also reported.

Durante il mio percorso di dottorato mi sono occupato principalmente dello sviluppo di nuovi sensori a pixel in Silicio per l’upgrade dell’esperimento CMS in vista della fase ad alta luminosità del collisionatore LHC (HL – LHC o LHC fase 2) al CERN, un’attività che avevo già intrapreso per il mio lavoro di tesi magistrale. Questi sensori devono tollerare fluenze di radiazione di alcuni 10^16 neq/cm^2 ad una distanza di circa 3 cm dal punto di interazione. Il programma di R&D portato avanti da un gruppo INFN ATLAS-CMS, in collaborazione con Fondazione Bruno Kessler, riguarda lo sviluppo di sensori planari sottili e 3D su substrati prodotti con la tecnica del Direct Wafer Bonding. L'impiego di questa tecnica permette di attuare tutti i processi di fabbricazione su una sola superficie del wafer, riducendo notevolmente i costi del processo. Lo spessore attivo dei prototipi è di 100 o 130 um per i sensori planari e 130 um per quelli 3D. I primi sensori prodotti hanno pixel delle stesse dimensioni di quelli attualmente in uso in CMS, 100 x 150 um^2. Le dimensioni sono state poi ridotte a 25 x 100 um^2 e 50 x 50 um^2 in modo da aumentare il numero di canali di lettura in vista della maggiore molteplicità di tracce attesa ad HL-LHC. Sono state effettuate numerose campagne di prova su fascio per caratterizzare i sensori planari e quelli 3D, prima e dopo l’irraggiamento a fluenze fino a 1 x 10^16 neq/cm^2. I miei contributi alla caratterizzazione dei prototipi sono riportati in questa tesi e includono anche lo sviluppo di algoritmi dedicati. Dopo circa due anni di lavoro sulla caratterizzazione dei nuovi prototipi ho sviluppato un interesse anche per l’impatto del rivelatore a pixel sul programma di fisica dell’esperimento. All’inizio del mio secondo anno di dottorato mi sono messo in cerca di un’analisi in cui le informazioni del rivelatore a pixel fossero largamente sfruttate. Ho scelto di lavorare alla ricerca della produzione di coppie di bosoni di Higgs nello stato finale con 2 b-jets e 2 leptoni tau. Ho scelto questa analisi sia perchè la ricostruzione delle particelle nello stato finale fa ampio uso delle informazioni di tracce e vertici sia perchè l’analisi trarrà grande benificio dell'incremento della statistica previsto ad HL-LHC, che potrebbe portare ad avere la prima evidenza sperimentale di produzione HH. La ricerca di coppie di bosoni di Higgs ha un ruolo fondamentale nella caratterizzazione di questa particella in quanto rappresenta il canale migliore per la misura della costante di accoppiamento trilineare. Ogni deviazione dalle previsioni teoriche del Modello Standard porterebbe a cambiamenti importanti nella cinematica e nel rateo di produzione di coppie di bosoni di Higgs, il che rende queste ricerche sensibili a effetti di nuova fisica. Lo stato finale bbtau^+tau^- rappresenta uno dei canali più interessanti in questo studio visti il branching ratio elevato e la piccola contaminazione di eventi di fondo. In questa tesi viene descritta la strategia sviluppata per l'analisi dei dati raccolti dall’esperimento CMS durante il Run 2 di LHC (2016 + 2017 + 2018), corrispondenti ad una luminosità integrata di 137 fb^-1. Viene inoltre riportata la sensitività attesa dell'analisi, che include lo studio di due meccanismi di produzione di coppie di bosoni di Higgs: Gluon-Gluon Fusion (GGF) e Vector Boson Fusion (VBF).

(2021). Development of silicon pixel sensors for the High Luminosity upgrade of the CMS experiment at LHC and search for Higgs boson pair production in the $bar b au^+ au^- :$ final state at $sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021).

Development of silicon pixel sensors for the High Luminosity upgrade of the CMS experiment at LHC and search for Higgs boson pair production in the $bar b au^+ au^- :$ final state at $sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

ZUOLO, DAVIDE
2021

Abstract

My research activity during the PhD has focused mainly on the development of new silicon pixel sensors for the upgrade of the CMS experiment inner tracker in view of the CERN LHC High Luminosity phase (HL-LHC), an activity I started to work on during my master thesis. These sensors must be capable of surviving irradiation fluences up to a few 10^16 neq/cm^2 at ~ 3 cm from the interaction point. The R&D program carried out by an INFN ATLAS-CMS group, in collaboration with Fondazione Bruno Kessler, covers both planar and 3D pixel devices made on substrates obtained by the Direct Wafer Bonding technique. Using this technology, every fabrication process takes place on one side only of the wafer, with consequent cost savings. The active thickness of the planar sensors studied in this thesis is 100 um or 130 um, that of 3D sensors 130 um. Sensors belonging to the first batches have pixel cells with dimensions of 100 x 150 um^2, same as the sensors currently installed in CMS. These dimensions have been reduced to 25 x 100 um^2 and 50 x 50 um^2 in order to cope with the higher track multiplicity expected at HL-LHC. Prototypes of hybrid modules, bump-bonded to different readout chips, have been characterized in beam tests. Results on their performance before and after irradiation up to maximum fluence of ∼ 1 x 10^16 neq/cm^2 are reported in this thesis. After a couple of years working on the characterization of the new prototypes I became interested also on the impact of the pixel detector on the physics program of the experiment. At the beginning of my second year of PhD I started to look for a physics analysis where the information of the pixel detector is largely exploited. I chose to work on the search for double Higgs boson production in final states with 2 b-jets and 2 tau leptons since the reconstruction of the b-jets and tau leptons makes large use of vertexes and tracks information. Another reason why I chose this analysis is that it will benefit from the incremented statistics foreseen at HL-LHC, possibly leading to the first experimental evidence of HH production. Double Higgs searches play a fundamental role in the characterization of the Higgs boson as they represent the favorite channel to measure the Higgs boson trilinear self coupling. Any deviation from the theoretical predictions of the Standard Model would lead to sizable changes in both the kinematics and production rate of HH events, thus making double Higgs searches sensitive to new physics effects. The bbtau^+tau^-final state represents one of the most interesting channels to explore double Higgs production, because of the high branching ratio and the relatively small background contamination. The strategy developed to analyze data collected by the CMS experiment during the LHC Run 2 (2016 + 2017 + 2018), corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb^-1, is described in this thesis. The expected sensitivity of the analysis, targeting both the Gluon Fusion (GGF) and Vector Boson Fusion (VBF) production channels, is also reported.
MORONI, LUIGI
MENASCE, DARIO
CERN LHC; CMS; Silicon; Pixel; Higgs Boson
CERN LHC; CMS; Silicio; Pixel; Bosone di Higgs
FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE
English
18-mar-2021
FISICA E ASTRONOMIA
33
2019/2020
open
(2021). Development of silicon pixel sensors for the High Luminosity upgrade of the CMS experiment at LHC and search for Higgs boson pair production in the $bar b au^+ au^- :$ final state at $sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/308715
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