Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the most malignant subtype of breast cancer, often associated with short disease-free survival. The maximum tolerated dose, used as standard-of-care chemotherapy (STD), remains the primary therapeutic option for TNBC patients, even though it fails to block distant recurrences, which is the first cause of death. Recently, it has been tested a different therapeutic approach, called metronomic chemotherapy (mCHT), where the minimum biological effective dose of the chemotherapeutic agent is given as a continuous administration without drug-free breaks. So far, the results show a strong stabilization of cancer growth and improved cancer patients’ quality of life. mCHT has direct cytotoxic effects on tumors and inhibits endothelial cell proliferation. In this thesis we investigated, for the first time, the effect of the mCHT administration of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) plus Vinorelbine (VNR) in endothelial and TNBC cell lines in comparison to the STD treatment. In particular, it has been shown that the mCHT administration of 5-FU and VNR both in single and in combination affects endothelial and TNBC cells at doses significantly lower than the STD one. Despite the low doses used, mCHT 5-FU+VNR is more effective than the STD in inhibiting cell migration and colony formation of both endothelial and TNBC cells. To simulate TNBC and endothelial cells' crosstalk, we utilized an indirect co-culture, which showed that medium conditioned by TNBC cells treated with mCHT 5-FU+VNR completely blocks endothelial cells migration and colony formation. We also pointed out that the modality of cell death of endothelial and TNBC cells depends on the schedule of treatment. In particular, the mCHT combination promotes endothelial’ apoptosis, whereas TNBC switches the modality of cell death from apoptosis, induced by STD, to autophagy, also activating senescence. In conclusion, mCHT 5-FU+VNR is more efficient than the STD in controlling cell proliferation, migration, and regrowth capacity after treatment of HUVECs and TNBC cells, suggesting better control of tumor growth and relapses. These data also highlight the molecular mechanisms that underlie the best efficacy of metronomic therapy towards the standard one.

Il tumore alla mammella triplo-negativo (TNBC) rappresenta il sottotipo di tumore alla mammella più aggressivo ed è spesso associato ad una breve sopravvivenza libera da malattia. La dose massima tollerata, utilizzata come terapia standard (STD), rimane la prima opzione terapeutica per pazienti con TNBC, anche se non è sufficiente nel bloccare le recidive, le quali rimangono la prima causa di morte per questo tipo di tumore. Recentemente, è stato testato un diverso approccio terapeutico, chiamato chemioterapia metronomica (mCHT), che prevede la continua somministrazione della minima dose biologicamente attiva senza pause libere da farmaco. Ad oggi, i risultati mostrano una forte stabilizzazione della crescita del cancro ed un miglioramento della qualità della vita delle pazienti. La chemioterapia metronomica ha un effetto sia antitumorale che anti-angiogenico. In questa tesi abbiamo indagato, per la prima volta, l’effetto della somministrazione metronomica di 5-Fluorouracile (5-FU) e Vinorelbina (VNR) su linee cellulari di TNBC ed endoteliali, in confronto alla somministrazione STD. In particolare, abbiamo dimostrato che la somministrazione metronomica di 5-FU e VNR, sia in singolo che in combinazione, colpisce le cellule endoteliali e di TNBC a dosi significativamente inferiori della terapia STD. Nonostante le bassi dosi utilizzate, la somministrazione metronomica di 5-FU+VNR è più efficiente della STD nell’inibire la migrazione cellulare e la formazione di colonie sia delle cellule endoteliali che delle cellule TNBC. Per simulare l’interazione tra cellule endoteliali e TNBC, abbiamo utilizzato una co-coltura indiretta. I risultati della co-coltura indiretta mostrano che il terreno condizionato dalle cellule TNBC trattate con 5-FU+VNR secondo protocollo metronomico bloccano completamente la migrazione e la formazione di colonie delle cellule endoteliali. Inoltre, abbiamo evidenziato la dipendenza del meccanismo di morte cellulare delle cellule endoteliali e TNBC dalla modalità di somministrazione dei farmaci. In particolare, la combinazione metronomica promuove l’apoptosi nelle cellule endoteliali, mentre nelle cellule TNBC cambia la modalità di morte cellulare dall’apoptosi, indotta dalla terapia STD, all’autofagia, attivando anche la senescenza cellulare. In conclusione, la somministrazione metronomica di 5-FU+VNR è più efficiente della STD nel controllare la proliferazione, la migrazione e la capacità di ricrescita dopo trattamento delle cellule endoteliali e TNBC, suggerendo un miglior controllo sulla crescita tumorale e sulla formazione di recidive. Questi dati evidenziano inoltre i meccanismi molecolari alla base della migliore efficacia della terapia metronomica rispetto alla standard.

(2021). Analyzing the impact of metronomic scheduling and dosing of 5-Fluorouracil and Vinorelbine in triple-negative breast cancer and endothelial cells. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021).

Analyzing the impact of metronomic scheduling and dosing of 5-Fluorouracil and Vinorelbine in triple-negative breast cancer and endothelial cells

SCAGLIOTTI, ARIANNA
2021

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the most malignant subtype of breast cancer, often associated with short disease-free survival. The maximum tolerated dose, used as standard-of-care chemotherapy (STD), remains the primary therapeutic option for TNBC patients, even though it fails to block distant recurrences, which is the first cause of death. Recently, it has been tested a different therapeutic approach, called metronomic chemotherapy (mCHT), where the minimum biological effective dose of the chemotherapeutic agent is given as a continuous administration without drug-free breaks. So far, the results show a strong stabilization of cancer growth and improved cancer patients’ quality of life. mCHT has direct cytotoxic effects on tumors and inhibits endothelial cell proliferation. In this thesis we investigated, for the first time, the effect of the mCHT administration of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) plus Vinorelbine (VNR) in endothelial and TNBC cell lines in comparison to the STD treatment. In particular, it has been shown that the mCHT administration of 5-FU and VNR both in single and in combination affects endothelial and TNBC cells at doses significantly lower than the STD one. Despite the low doses used, mCHT 5-FU+VNR is more effective than the STD in inhibiting cell migration and colony formation of both endothelial and TNBC cells. To simulate TNBC and endothelial cells' crosstalk, we utilized an indirect co-culture, which showed that medium conditioned by TNBC cells treated with mCHT 5-FU+VNR completely blocks endothelial cells migration and colony formation. We also pointed out that the modality of cell death of endothelial and TNBC cells depends on the schedule of treatment. In particular, the mCHT combination promotes endothelial’ apoptosis, whereas TNBC switches the modality of cell death from apoptosis, induced by STD, to autophagy, also activating senescence. In conclusion, mCHT 5-FU+VNR is more efficient than the STD in controlling cell proliferation, migration, and regrowth capacity after treatment of HUVECs and TNBC cells, suggesting better control of tumor growth and relapses. These data also highlight the molecular mechanisms that underlie the best efficacy of metronomic therapy towards the standard one.
LAVITRANO, MARIALUISA
CERRITO, MARIA GRAZIA
Metronomica; TNBC; Angiogenesi; Apoptosi; Autofagia
Metronomic; TNBC; Angiogenesis; Apoptosis; Autofagia
MED/04 - PATOLOGIA GENERALE
English
9-feb-2021
MEDICINA TRASLAZIONALE E MOLECOLARE - DIMET
33
2019/2020
open
(2021). Analyzing the impact of metronomic scheduling and dosing of 5-Fluorouracil and Vinorelbine in triple-negative breast cancer and endothelial cells. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/304796
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