Despite the preferred application of arterial conduits, the greater saphenous vein (SV) remains indispensable for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), especially in multi-vessel coronary artery disease. Early remodeling induced by altered wall mechanics has been recognized to play a key role in SV graft disease. The mechanism remains, however, unknown. The aim of this work was to unveil the existence of a mechanical effect in SV graft failure, due to changes in the hemodynamic conditions occurring in SV grafts after transplantation into coronary position. SV segments from patients receiving coronary artery bypass grafts were stimulated in a coronary ‘pulse-duplicator’ bioreactor with either CABG or venous hemodynamic conditions. Human saphenous vein derived-smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and adventitial progenitors (SVPs) were mechanically stretched in vitro using Flexcell Tension System. The pro-pathological differentiation of resident cells in the vein, resulting from exposure to coronary flow, derives from a mechano-perception phenomenon. In particular, adventitial cells are activated by the release of Thrombospondin-1 by stretched smooth muscle cells in the veins exposed to coronary flow, thus suggesting a connection between the mechanical stress experienced by the vascular wall and the remodeling of the bypass. In addition, a gene enrichment analysis of transcripts up/downmodulated by mechanical stress revealed the involvement of a mechanosensing transcriptional circuitry (HIPPO/YAP/TEAD pathway) in cells stimulated with the cyclic strain. These findings suggest the existence of a ‘mechano-paracrine’ effect due to CABG-specific wall strain in SV grafts. This process has consequences for recruitment of adventitial progenitor cells, and a fibrotic-like process possibly involved in pathologic programming of SV graft failure.

Nonostante generalmente si preferisca utilizzare i condotti arteriosi, la grande vena safena (SV) rimane indispensabile per il bypass aortocoronarico, specialmente nella malattia coronarica multi-vasale. È stato scoperto che il rimodellamento precoce causato da alterazioni meccaniche a carico della parete del vaso gioca un ruolo chiave nella malattia da trapianto di vena safena. Il meccanismo rimane, tuttavia, sconosciuto. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è quello di dimostrare l'esistenza di un effetto meccanico nel fallimento dell'innesto venoso, dovuto ai cambiamenti nelle condizioni emodinamiche che si verificano a seguito del trapianto in posizione coronarica. I segmenti di vena safena di pazienti sottoposti a bypass coronarico sono stati stimolati all’interno di un bioreattore in grado di mimare le condizioni emodinamiche venose o coronariche. Cellule muscolari lisce e cellule progenitrici avventiziali derivate dalla vena safena umana sono state stimolate meccanicamente in vitro utilizzando lo strumento Flexcell. La differenziazione pro-patologica delle cellule residenti nella vena, derivante dall'esposizione al flusso coronarico, è causata da un fenomeno meccano-percettivo. In particolare, le cellule avventiziali vengono attivate a seguito del rilascio di Trombospondina-1 da parte delle cellule muscolari lisce nelle vene esposte al flusso coronarico, suggerendo così una connessione tra lo stress meccanico sperimentato dalla parete vascolare e il rimodellamento del bypass. Inoltre, un'analisi dell'arricchimento genico dei trascritti differenzialmente modulati dallo stress meccanico, ha rivelato il coinvolgimento di un circuito trascrizionale meccano-sensitivo (HIPPO/YAP/TEAD pathway) nelle cellule stimolate meccanicamente. Questi risultati suggeriscono l'esistenza di un effetto "meccano-paracrino" dovuto al stress di parete negli innesti di vena safena. Sia il reclutamento delle cellule progenitrici avventiziali, sia il loro differenziamento verso il fenotipo fibrotico, sono eventi potenzialmente coinvolti nell’insorgenza della malattia da trapianto di vena safena.

(2021). Cell- and Tissue-based mechanosensation in programming and progression of coronary vein graft disease. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021).

Cell- and Tissue-based mechanosensation in programming and progression of coronary vein graft disease

GAROFFOLO, GLORIA
2021

Abstract

Despite the preferred application of arterial conduits, the greater saphenous vein (SV) remains indispensable for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), especially in multi-vessel coronary artery disease. Early remodeling induced by altered wall mechanics has been recognized to play a key role in SV graft disease. The mechanism remains, however, unknown. The aim of this work was to unveil the existence of a mechanical effect in SV graft failure, due to changes in the hemodynamic conditions occurring in SV grafts after transplantation into coronary position. SV segments from patients receiving coronary artery bypass grafts were stimulated in a coronary ‘pulse-duplicator’ bioreactor with either CABG or venous hemodynamic conditions. Human saphenous vein derived-smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and adventitial progenitors (SVPs) were mechanically stretched in vitro using Flexcell Tension System. The pro-pathological differentiation of resident cells in the vein, resulting from exposure to coronary flow, derives from a mechano-perception phenomenon. In particular, adventitial cells are activated by the release of Thrombospondin-1 by stretched smooth muscle cells in the veins exposed to coronary flow, thus suggesting a connection between the mechanical stress experienced by the vascular wall and the remodeling of the bypass. In addition, a gene enrichment analysis of transcripts up/downmodulated by mechanical stress revealed the involvement of a mechanosensing transcriptional circuitry (HIPPO/YAP/TEAD pathway) in cells stimulated with the cyclic strain. These findings suggest the existence of a ‘mechano-paracrine’ effect due to CABG-specific wall strain in SV grafts. This process has consequences for recruitment of adventitial progenitor cells, and a fibrotic-like process possibly involved in pathologic programming of SV graft failure.
GIOVANNONI, ROBERTO
PESCE, MAURIZIO
Meccanotrasduzione; Ingegneria tissutale; Bypass coronarico; Arterializzazione; Trombospondina 1
Mechanosensing; Tissue engineering; Coronary bypass; Arterialization; Trombospondina 1
MED/11 - MALATTIE DELL'APPARATO CARDIOVASCOLARE
English
26-gen-2021
MEDICINA TRASLAZIONALE E MOLECOLARE - DIMET
33
2019/2020
open
(2021). Cell- and Tissue-based mechanosensation in programming and progression of coronary vein graft disease. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/304792
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