Elaborazione di un sistema informativo per la gestione di dati territoriali in ambito di protezione civile

Emergency plans, prepared according to the national and regional laws, are the main instruments available for local administrators and authorities for natural and technological risks reduction purposes. Emergency planning needs a thorough spatial analysis based upon a great amount of spatial data which are not always updated, accessible or available. Furthermore, current methodologies for the evaluation of hazard, vulnerability and risk are not standardised by the Italian national or regional regulations. The accuracy of spatial analysis is fundamental for the achievement of the main objective of emergency planning: the construction of risk scenarios, which are the base for the definition of emergency procedures in Emergency Plans, in a municipal and inter-municipal area. In this context, the aim of the project is to use Geographic Information Systems for data acquisition processes and integrated data management applied on risk scenario planning, through infrastructure and hazard analysis. A Geographic Information System was implemented as a supporting tool for such analysis, for the elaboration, updating, use and publication of an emergency plan in a municipal and inter-municipal area, regarding the main risks of the study areas (hydrogeological risk, wild fire risk and technological risk). Regarding risk analysis, a detailed study about technological risk was developed, focused on the difficulties of data acquisition for accident scenarios definition. In one of the study areas, Consorzio Isola Bergamasca, Bergamo Province, a case study was selected for the application of industrial accident consequence modelling. Both a commercial and a free software were used for the simulation of an anhydrous ammonia release. Simulation results were used to define hazard scenarios for toxic cloud dispersion. The integration of hazard scenarios and infrastructure spatial information was useful for locating vulnerable and strategic elements (elements at risk) in preliminary risk scenarios. Definition of a workflow of operative procedures based on risk scenarios, implemented as a GIS application specific for local emergency management, allows the passage from a pure GIS into a Decision Support System.