This paper introduces research on young carers in an Italian context. This topic describes the issue of caregiving performed by children. The activities of care begin when one family member has a chronic illness or disability and there are no alternatives for coping with these difficulties. There are many factors associated with the issue of absence of alternatives, such as: few financial resources, a weak informal support network (relatives, friends and neighbors) and insufficient aid from social and health services. Even if the phenomenon has been studied in different countries, it has not been widely investigated in Italy. There are two possible explanations for this lack of research: the Italian welfare system and the concept of childhood. In Italy welfare is familistic. It means that the State has only a residual role in providing resources or services to support citizens. Furthermore, families are mandated to provide care by themselves. One would argue that the work of care is usually associated with adult figures, in particular women, but not with minors. As the new sociology of childhood suggests, this happens because minors are considered without autonomy and their own agency and dependent on adults. . Since they are identified as a hidden group, it makes them hard to reach. In order to overcome this obstacle, a participatory approach has been used in a research on Italian young carers. Its aim was to engage people who are traditionally considered objects of research to enhance the knowledge about this topic. This way the objects of research become actors and acquire the role of co-researchers. This inversion of prospective is possible only by recognizing co-researchers being “experts by experience”, since their “experiential knowledge” comes from experiencing everyday life problems. The co-researchers work together with a researcher in a “Steering group”, which carry out the design of research and analyse the data. Inside a “Steering group”, the co-researchers develop awareness, rework their identity and mature their need for social change. The issue of this research project was analysed with a mixed-method research with three levels of analysis. Firstly, a secondary analysis on Istat data (multipurpose survey on “Aspects of life”- 2015) was useful to understand the characteristics of children and teenagers and to compare foreign verses Italian families and the differences between northern and southern Italy. Secondly, a survey in middle schools in Milan, was helpful to understand the outcomes connected to the child’s role. Lastly, focus groups were organised with young carers, in which the aim was to understand their needs, awareness and the perceptions of young caregivers. Italian young carers have the same characteristics as other young carers world-wide. The phenomenon is hidden and unrecognized. Consequently, young carers and their families lack recognition and welfare provision. The analysis shows the activities that young carers provide in their family: instrumental and care-related. The outcomes are connected to school, peer relations and personal wellness and sometimes to mental health problems.

La presente ricerca indaga il fenomeno dei giovani “caregivers” nel contesto italiano. I young caregivers (yc) sono bambini/e e adolescenti che svolgono attività di cura. Questa condizione si verifica tipicamente quando un membro della famiglia soffre di malattie croniche o disabilità, e il giovane deve far fronte a queste difficoltà in prima persona. I motivi per cui i yc non hanno alternative a questa condizione possono essere molteplici, come le scarse risorse finanziarie e gli aiuti insufficienti da parte dei servizi sociali e sanitari. Anche se il fenomeno è stato studiato in diverse nazioni, non è stato ancora approfondito in Italia. Ci sono due possibili spiegazioni per questo “ritardo” nella ricerca: il sistema di welfare italiano e il concetto dell’infanzia nel nostro contesto. In Italia il welfare è di tipo familistico, ovvero lo Stato svolge un ruolo residuale nel fornire risorse e servizi a supporto dei cittadini. Inoltre, le famiglie sono abituate a provvedere ai propri bisogni autonomamente. Tuttavia viene spontaneo pensare che questo lavoro di cura è normalmente associato a persone adulte (specie donne), ma non a minorenni. Come suggerisce la nuova sociologia dell’infanzia infatti i minori sono considerati senza autonomia, dipendendo dagli adulti. A fronte di assente riconoscimento sociale e giuridico delle responsabilità di cura svolte da bambini e adolescenti, i young caregivers vengono definiti come un gruppo nascosto, pertanto sono anche difficili da individuare. Per superare questo ostacolo, è stata condotta una ricerca con approccio partecipativo. L’obiettivo infatti è stato quello di coinvolgere le persone tradizionalmente considerate come oggetto di ricerca, facendole diventare protagoniste della stessa, assumendo il ruolo di co-ricercatori. Questa inversione di prospettiva è possibile solo riconoscendo in loro un “sapere esperienziale” derivante dalla vicinanza all’oggetto di studio. I co-ricercatori collaborano con un ricercatore in un "Steering group", il quale svolge la progettazione della ricerca e analizza i dati. All'interno dello " Steering group ", i co-ricercatori sviluppano consapevolezza, rielaborano la loro identità e maturano il loro bisogno di cambiamento sociale. L’analisi della ricerca è stata condotta attraverso un mixed method, con tre livelli di analisi. In primo luogo, un'analisi secondaria sui dati dell'Istat (sondaggio multiuso su "Aspetti della vita" - 2015) è stata utile per comprendere le caratteristiche di bambini e adolescenti e confrontare le differenze tra famiglie straniere e italiane e tra nord e sud Italia. In secondo luogo, la surevy nelle scuole medie di Milano è stata utile per comprendere specifici al caregiving. Infine, è stato realizzato un focus group con potenziali yc, allo scopo di comprendere il loro livello di consapevolezza e i loro bisogni. I yc italiani hanno le stesse caratteristiche degli altri giovani caregiver in tutto il mondo. Il fenomeno è nascosto e non riconosciuto. Di conseguenza, i yc e le loro famiglie mancano di riconoscimento e supporto sociale. La ricerca mette in luce le attività svolte in famiglia, dal lavoro domestico al supporto emotivo. Le conseguenze sui yc riguardano la scuola, le relazioni con i pari e il benessere.

(2020). The hidden children. Una ricerca partecipativa relativa al fenomeno dei young caregivers italiani.. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020).

The hidden children. Una ricerca partecipativa relativa al fenomeno dei young caregivers italiani.

LIMONGELLI, PAOLA ENRICA
2020

Abstract

This paper introduces research on young carers in an Italian context. This topic describes the issue of caregiving performed by children. The activities of care begin when one family member has a chronic illness or disability and there are no alternatives for coping with these difficulties. There are many factors associated with the issue of absence of alternatives, such as: few financial resources, a weak informal support network (relatives, friends and neighbors) and insufficient aid from social and health services. Even if the phenomenon has been studied in different countries, it has not been widely investigated in Italy. There are two possible explanations for this lack of research: the Italian welfare system and the concept of childhood. In Italy welfare is familistic. It means that the State has only a residual role in providing resources or services to support citizens. Furthermore, families are mandated to provide care by themselves. One would argue that the work of care is usually associated with adult figures, in particular women, but not with minors. As the new sociology of childhood suggests, this happens because minors are considered without autonomy and their own agency and dependent on adults. . Since they are identified as a hidden group, it makes them hard to reach. In order to overcome this obstacle, a participatory approach has been used in a research on Italian young carers. Its aim was to engage people who are traditionally considered objects of research to enhance the knowledge about this topic. This way the objects of research become actors and acquire the role of co-researchers. This inversion of prospective is possible only by recognizing co-researchers being “experts by experience”, since their “experiential knowledge” comes from experiencing everyday life problems. The co-researchers work together with a researcher in a “Steering group”, which carry out the design of research and analyse the data. Inside a “Steering group”, the co-researchers develop awareness, rework their identity and mature their need for social change. The issue of this research project was analysed with a mixed-method research with three levels of analysis. Firstly, a secondary analysis on Istat data (multipurpose survey on “Aspects of life”- 2015) was useful to understand the characteristics of children and teenagers and to compare foreign verses Italian families and the differences between northern and southern Italy. Secondly, a survey in middle schools in Milan, was helpful to understand the outcomes connected to the child’s role. Lastly, focus groups were organised with young carers, in which the aim was to understand their needs, awareness and the perceptions of young caregivers. Italian young carers have the same characteristics as other young carers world-wide. The phenomenon is hidden and unrecognized. Consequently, young carers and their families lack recognition and welfare provision. The analysis shows the activities that young carers provide in their family: instrumental and care-related. The outcomes are connected to school, peer relations and personal wellness and sometimes to mental health problems.
DECATALDO, ALESSANDRA
TOGNETTI BORDOGNA, MARA
giovani caregiver; gruppo nascosto; vulnerabilità; partecipativa; steering group
young caregivers; hidden group; social vulnerability; participatory; steering group
SPS/07 - SOCIOLOGIA GENERALE
Italian
25-mar-2020
SOCIOLOGIA APPLICATA E METODOLOGIA DELLA RICERCA SOCIALE
32
2018/2019
open
(2020). The hidden children. Una ricerca partecipativa relativa al fenomeno dei young caregivers italiani.. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/277261
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