The number of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients cured through allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is constantly increasing. The therapeutic effectiveness of this procedure mainly relies on the transfer from the donor to the patient of immune cells, capable of recognizing and eliminating residual tumor cells. Still, up to 50% of transplanted AML patients will eventually relapse, and the prognosis of these patients remains extremely poor. Thus, aim of my thesis work was to improve current understanding on the immunobiology of post-transplantation relapse, by investigating i) how therapies and leukemia itself affect immune reconstitution, ii) how to refine detection of leukemia reappearance at the stage minimal residual disease (MRD), and iii) how to uncover the molecular mechanisms at the basis of leukemia immune evasion. In particular, I will first present the results of a prospective study aiming at evaluating the clinical utility of monitoring patient-specific chimerism on peripheral blood, instead of the currently used bone marrow specimens, employing quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the early detection of leukemia relapses after transplantation. Will next present the results of two studies on the dynamics of recovery of NK and T cells after allo-HCT. Both studies aim at understanding the determinants of donor immune system failure in controlling AML disease recurrence with the potential implications of using the identified features as biomarkers to predict post-transplantation relapse. In the last sections I will present both published and unpublished data on the biological mechanisms underlying post-transplantation disease relapse, reporting how this knowledge can be easily translated in novel therapeutic rationales to combat disease recurrence. Included in these sections are two recent reviews I authored, focused, respectively, on the immunobiology of post-transplantation relapse, and on current state-of-the art epigenetic therapies for AML and their effects on the immune system.

Il numero di pazienti affetti da leucemia mieloide acuta (LMA) trattati con trapianto di cellule ematopoietiche allogeniche (TCE-allo) è in costante aumento. L'efficacia terapeutica di questa procedura si basa principalmente sul trasferimento dal donatore al paziente di cellule immunitarie, in grado di riconoscere ed eliminare le cellule tumorali residue. Tuttavia, fino al 50% dei pazienti trapiantati con LMA va incontro a recidiva e la prognosi di questi pazienti rimane estremamente negativa. Pertanto, lo scopo del mio lavoro di tesi era quello di migliorare la comprensione attuale dell'immunobiologia della recidiva post-trapianto, studiando i) come le terapie e la leucemia stessa influenzano la ricostituzione immunitaria, ii) come perfezionare il rilevamento della ricomparsa della leucemia nella fase di malattia minima residua (MMR) e iii) come scoprire i meccanismi molecolari alla base dell’evasione della leucemia dal sistema immune. In particolare, presenterò per la prima volta i risultati di uno studio prospettico volto a valutare l'utilità clinica di monitorare il chimerismo specifico del paziente sul sangue periferico, anziché sul midollo osseo attualmente utilizzato, impiegando la PCR quantitativa (PCRq) per la diagnosi precoce delle recidive di leucemia dopo trapianto. In seguito, saranno presentati i risultati di due studi sulla dinamica della ricostituzione delle cellule NK e T dopo il TCE-allo. Entrambi gli studi mirano a comprendere i determinanti dell'insufficienza del sistema immunitario del donatore nel controllo della recidiva della malattia LMA con la possibilità di utilizzare le caratteristiche identificate come biomarcatori per prevedere la recidiva post-trapianto. Nelle ultime sezioni presenterò dati sia pubblicati che non pubblicati sui meccanismi biologici della recidiva della malattia post-trapianto, riferendo in che modo questa conoscenza possa essere facilmente tradotta in nuove opzioni terapeutiche per combattere la recidiva della malattia. In queste sezioni sono incluse due recensioni che ho scritto di recente, focalizzate, rispettivamente, sull'immunobiologia della recidiva post-trapianto e sulle attuali terapie epigenetiche all’avanguardia per la LMA e i loro effetti sul sistema immunitario.

(2020). Novel Insights into the Immunobiology of Leukemia Relapse after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020).

Novel Insights into the Immunobiology of Leukemia Relapse after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

GAMBACORTA, VALENTINA
2020

Abstract

The number of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients cured through allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is constantly increasing. The therapeutic effectiveness of this procedure mainly relies on the transfer from the donor to the patient of immune cells, capable of recognizing and eliminating residual tumor cells. Still, up to 50% of transplanted AML patients will eventually relapse, and the prognosis of these patients remains extremely poor. Thus, aim of my thesis work was to improve current understanding on the immunobiology of post-transplantation relapse, by investigating i) how therapies and leukemia itself affect immune reconstitution, ii) how to refine detection of leukemia reappearance at the stage minimal residual disease (MRD), and iii) how to uncover the molecular mechanisms at the basis of leukemia immune evasion. In particular, I will first present the results of a prospective study aiming at evaluating the clinical utility of monitoring patient-specific chimerism on peripheral blood, instead of the currently used bone marrow specimens, employing quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the early detection of leukemia relapses after transplantation. Will next present the results of two studies on the dynamics of recovery of NK and T cells after allo-HCT. Both studies aim at understanding the determinants of donor immune system failure in controlling AML disease recurrence with the potential implications of using the identified features as biomarkers to predict post-transplantation relapse. In the last sections I will present both published and unpublished data on the biological mechanisms underlying post-transplantation disease relapse, reporting how this knowledge can be easily translated in novel therapeutic rationales to combat disease recurrence. Included in these sections are two recent reviews I authored, focused, respectively, on the immunobiology of post-transplantation relapse, and on current state-of-the art epigenetic therapies for AML and their effects on the immune system.
BIONDI, ANDREA
LAM; TCE-a; Recidiva; immuno evasione; HLA
AML; allo-HCT; Relapse; Immune Evasion; HLA
MED/15 - MALATTIE DEL SANGUE
English
21-gen-2020
MEDICINA TRASLAZIONALE E MOLECOLARE - DIMET - 76R
32
2018/2019
open
(2020). Novel Insights into the Immunobiology of Leukemia Relapse after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/259336
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