Discourses, values and connotation attached to the concept of social mix in housing studies are strongly shaped by the broad socio-economic and historical context as well as the specifics at national, city, and neighbourhood level. In the 1990s, the notion of social mix entered the housing and urban agenda of many Western European countries in the policy frame of area-based, state-led urban renewal programmes against residential segregation. The 21st century society is characterized by global dynamics and societal trends, such as the growing socio-economic inequalities and residential segregation; the increasing problem of housing affordability affecting a variety of social groups, and the growing urban diversity, which provide new opportunities to reframe the ideal of social mix. Such macro dynamics unfold differently from context to context, due also to the role played by different welfare regimes and housing systems. In this light, the aim of this dissertation is to better understand whether and how contemporary macro trends and societal challenges are reshaping the current framing of social mix, and to provide a better understanding of the role of contextual factors, in particular those related to current developments in welfare and housing systems, in determining different and/or similar patterns of such reframing process. The dissertation specifically looks at how the current framing of social mix is re-shaping housing professionals’ roles, strategies and missions as well as the interactions between tenants and their relationships with professionals. This dissertation compares Italy and the Netherlands, which are characterized by different welfare regimes and housing systems. However, facing rising demand for affordable housing by a widespread and differentiated audience, in both countries policy-makers and practitioners address this emerging need by implementing new social housing projects targeting diverse social groups, which results in a fine-grained social mix between ‘resourceful’ tenants (e.g. students, young households, etc.) and ‘vulnerable’ tenants (e.g. welfare dependents, refugees, etc.). The dissertation is based on case study analysis of two Magic Mix projects, i.e. Startblok Riekerhaven in Amsterdam and Majella Wonen in Utrecht, and three Housing Sociale projects, i.e. Casa dell’Accoglienza, ViVi Voltri and Ospitalità Solidale in Milan and its metropolitan area. Totally, 48 semi-structured interviews with professionals, project managers, policy-makers and one focus group with tenants have been conducted. This dissertation contributes the existing literature on social mix by elaborating a new conceptualization of this notion. While the 1990s-framing of social mix was mainly focused on combating residential segregation at neighbourhood level, central to such new conceptualization of social mix is the promotion of individuals’ self-responsibilisation. The dissertation examines specific strategies that are promoted by professionals to increase tenants’ responsibilities. First, it investigates innovative housing management approaches, e.g. self-management and Social Management, in which tenants’ are assigned wider roles and obligations in the processes of housing management,. Second, it examines the principle of conditionality underling these projects, i.e. allocating social dwellings provided that tenants regularly engage in supportive activities within the housing project. The dissertation shows that the eligibility for new social housing opportunities, which aim to address the widespread problem of affordable housing, entails also new obligations and behavioral patterns for tenants in terms of additional duties towards the community.

La connotazione del concetto di mix socio-abitativo è strettamente legata al contesto storico e socio-economico di riferimento, nonché alle specificità nazionali, locali e micro-locali. Negli anni Novanta, il concetto di mix sociale è entrato nell'agenda urbana di molti paesi dell'Europa occidentale nel quadro delle politiche di riqualificazione urbana area-based di contrasto alla segregazione urbana. L’aumento delle disuguaglianze socio-economiche, della segregazione residenziale, delle forme di diversità urbana e del problema dell’affordability nel mercato abitativo, che colpisce gruppi sociali sempre più diversificati, rappresentano alcune delle tendenze principali che caratterizzano le società urbane del XXI secolo. Tali dinamiche offrono l’occasione per studiare la trasformazione dell'idea di mix sociale nell’attuale contesto storico. Ciascuna tendenza assume risvolti specifici a seconda del contesto nazionale e locale di riferimento, anche per effetto dei diversi sistemi abitativi e di welfare. L'obiettivo di questa tesi è comprendere se e come le attuali tendenze e sfide macro-economiche e sociali stanno trasformando la concettualizzazione del mix sociale e comprendere il ruolo giocato dai fattori contestuali, in particolare quelli relativi ai recenti sviluppi dei sistemi abitativi e di welfare, nel determinare similitudini e/o differenze in questo processo di trasformazione. La tesi esamina come la trasformazione dell’idea di mix sociale sta modificando i ruoli, le strategie e la mission di policy-makers e operatori, nonché le interazioni tra inquilini e le loro relazioni con gli stessi operatori. La tesi confronta Italia e Paesi Bassi, due paesi con regimi di welfare e sistemi abitativi differenti. Di fronte all'aumento della domanda di alloggi a prezzi accessibili che riguarda un’utenza sempre più ampia e diversificata, in entrambi i paesi si osserva lo sviluppo di nuovi progetti di edilizia sociale indirizzati ad un mix di diversi gruppi sociali, in particolare tra inquilini “consapevoli” (es. studenti, giovani ecc.) e inquilini “vulnerabili” (es. nuclei socio-economicamente svantaggiati, rifugiati, ecc.). La tesi si basa sull'analisi di casi studio, ovvero due progetti di “Magic Mix”, cioè Startblok Riekerhaven ad Amsterdam e Majella Wonen a Utrecht, e tre progetti di housing sociale, cioè Casa dell'Accoglienza, ViVi Voltri e Ospitalità Solidale nell’area di Milano. Sono state condotte 48 interviste semi-strutturate con operatori, responsabili di progetto, policy-makers e un focus group con inquilini. La tesi contribuisce alla letteratura sul mix sociale, proponendone una nuova concettualizzazione. A differenza della cornice entro cui si innestava l’idea di mix sociale negli anni Novanta, ovvero contrasto alla segregazione residenziale tramite ristrutturazione e diversificazione abitativa di interi quartieri, attualmente l’elemento cardine del mix sociale è la responsabilizzazione individuale. La tesi analizza le strategie volte ad aumentare il grado di responsabilizzazione degli inquilini. Da un lato si tratta di sperimentare approcci innovativi alla gestione abitativa, quali l’autogestione nei Paesi Bassi e la Gestione Sociale in Italia, che implicano nuovi ruoli e obblighi per gli inquilini; dall’altro si introduce un principio di condizionalità tale per cui l’assegnazione degli alloggi sociali avviene a condizione che gli inquilini si impegnino regolarmente in attività di sostegno all'interno del progetto abitativo. La tesi dimostra che l’idoneità a beneficiare delle nuove soluzioni abitative, sviluppate per contrastare il crescente e sempre più diffuso problema della scarsa affordability, comporta anche nuovi obblighi a carico degli inquilini legati al dovere di attivarsi nei confronti della propria comunità di abitanti.

(2019). Reframing social mix and the management of mixed communities in the new welfare state. Evidence from social housing projects in Italy and the Netherlands. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019).

Reframing social mix and the management of mixed communities in the new welfare state. Evidence from social housing projects in Italy and the Netherlands

COSTARELLI, IGOR SEBASTIAN
2019

Abstract

Discourses, values and connotation attached to the concept of social mix in housing studies are strongly shaped by the broad socio-economic and historical context as well as the specifics at national, city, and neighbourhood level. In the 1990s, the notion of social mix entered the housing and urban agenda of many Western European countries in the policy frame of area-based, state-led urban renewal programmes against residential segregation. The 21st century society is characterized by global dynamics and societal trends, such as the growing socio-economic inequalities and residential segregation; the increasing problem of housing affordability affecting a variety of social groups, and the growing urban diversity, which provide new opportunities to reframe the ideal of social mix. Such macro dynamics unfold differently from context to context, due also to the role played by different welfare regimes and housing systems. In this light, the aim of this dissertation is to better understand whether and how contemporary macro trends and societal challenges are reshaping the current framing of social mix, and to provide a better understanding of the role of contextual factors, in particular those related to current developments in welfare and housing systems, in determining different and/or similar patterns of such reframing process. The dissertation specifically looks at how the current framing of social mix is re-shaping housing professionals’ roles, strategies and missions as well as the interactions between tenants and their relationships with professionals. This dissertation compares Italy and the Netherlands, which are characterized by different welfare regimes and housing systems. However, facing rising demand for affordable housing by a widespread and differentiated audience, in both countries policy-makers and practitioners address this emerging need by implementing new social housing projects targeting diverse social groups, which results in a fine-grained social mix between ‘resourceful’ tenants (e.g. students, young households, etc.) and ‘vulnerable’ tenants (e.g. welfare dependents, refugees, etc.). The dissertation is based on case study analysis of two Magic Mix projects, i.e. Startblok Riekerhaven in Amsterdam and Majella Wonen in Utrecht, and three Housing Sociale projects, i.e. Casa dell’Accoglienza, ViVi Voltri and Ospitalità Solidale in Milan and its metropolitan area. Totally, 48 semi-structured interviews with professionals, project managers, policy-makers and one focus group with tenants have been conducted. This dissertation contributes the existing literature on social mix by elaborating a new conceptualization of this notion. While the 1990s-framing of social mix was mainly focused on combating residential segregation at neighbourhood level, central to such new conceptualization of social mix is the promotion of individuals’ self-responsibilisation. The dissertation examines specific strategies that are promoted by professionals to increase tenants’ responsibilities. First, it investigates innovative housing management approaches, e.g. self-management and Social Management, in which tenants’ are assigned wider roles and obligations in the processes of housing management,. Second, it examines the principle of conditionality underling these projects, i.e. allocating social dwellings provided that tenants regularly engage in supportive activities within the housing project. The dissertation shows that the eligibility for new social housing opportunities, which aim to address the widespread problem of affordable housing, entails also new obligations and behavioral patterns for tenants in terms of additional duties towards the community.
MUGNANO, SILVIA
KLEINHANS, REINOUT
Mix sociale; Abitare sociale; Gestione abitativa; Responsabilizzazione; Condizionalità
Social mix; Social housing; Housing management; Responsibilisation; Condizionalità
SPS/10 - SOCIOLOGIA DELL'AMBIENTE E DEL TERRITORIO
English
12-feb-2019
URBEUR_QUASI, CITTA' E SOCIETA' DELL'INFORMAZIONE - 83R
31
2017/2018
open
(2019). Reframing social mix and the management of mixed communities in the new welfare state. Evidence from social housing projects in Italy and the Netherlands. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/241303
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