In this thesis I have tried to capture the impact of the introduction of the new resolution framework on the banks' capital structure and their CDSs. In the first chapter we study the optimal liability structure of a bank under different resolution regimes and capital requirements. We do so by developing a structural model, allowing for bail-in and default events triggered either endogenously or by an external regulator, for a bank holding insured deposits and issuing covered (non-bail-inable) and uncovered (bail-inable) debt. As opposed to a bail-out resolution regime, a credible bail-in resolution regime endogenously reduces leverage and mitigates default risk. A strict enforcement of the Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital requirement, as introduced by the Basel III regulation, entails a dramatic reduction of the optimal bank leverage. In the second chapter of the dissertation, my current work-in-progress, I estimate the spillover effect of some bail-in related events on the European banking system. An event study methodology has been adopted on the CDS spreads written on senior unsecured and subordinated debt of 69 banks in 16 countries. The introduction of the new bank recovery and resolution framework (BRRD) has removed the government's implicit guarantee on banks' debt, causing the increase in the CDS spreads, especially for the banks considered systemically important on a global scale (G-SIBs). Moreover, given that the market beliefs concerning the probability of bailing-out the senior unsecured debt were relatively higher than the subordinated debt, the removal of the government's guarantee had a greater impact on the senior debt as it was suddenly perceived as riskier by the market than in the past. Albeit a far from being extremely precise and completely exhaustive, this thesis highlights the important role played by the implicit government guarantee on bank debt, which distorted the incentive of bankers and managers for long time, especially those of largest banks considered "too-big-to-fail". The removal of the guarantee and the shift in the responsibility from public funds to some category of creditors was of extremely importance in order to restore market discipline, reduce their competitive advantages in the funding markets and align banks' funding costs more closely to the risk they are exposed.

In questa tesi ho cercato di cogliere l'impatto che l'introduzione del nuovo quadro di risoluzione bancaria ha avuto sulla struttura di capitale delle banche e sui loro CDSs. Nel primo capitolo abbiamo studiato la struttura ottimale di debito di una banca operante nel rispetto di diversi tipi di regimi di risoluzione bancaria e di requisiti patrimoniali. Per far ciò abbiamo sviluppato un modello strutturale che prevede il bail-in e default della banca come scelta ottima degli azionisti (in modo endogeno) o come imposizione da parte dell’autorità competente, per una banca che detiene depositi assicurati e emette sia debito secured (non bail-inable) che unsecured (bail-inable). Al contrario del regime di bail-out, un regime di risoluzione basato sull’applicazione credibile del bail-in riduce il livello ottimo di leverage scelto dagli azionisti e attenua il rischio di default della banca. Imponendo un rigoroso controllo sul rispetto del requisito patrimoniale minimo di Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1), introdotto da Basilea III, per la banca diviene ottimale ridurre drasticamente il livello di leverage. Nel secondo capitolo della tesi si è cercato di stimare l'effetto che alcuni eventi legati all’introduzione del bail-in hanno avuto sul sistema bancario europeo, mediante l’utilizzo della metodologia degli “event study” applicata agli spread dei CDS, scritti sul debito senior unsecured e subordinato, di 69 banche localizzate in 16 paesi. L'introduzione del nuovo quadro di risoluzione delle banche (BRRD) ha eliminato la garanzia implicita del governo sul debito delle banche, facendo aumentare gli spread dei CDSs, soprattutto delle banche considerate di importanza sistemica su scala globale (G-SIB). Inoltre, dato che le aspettative del mercato relative alla probabilità di salvataggio del debito senior unsecured erano relativamente più alte rispetto a quelle del debito subordinato, la rimozione di questo tipo di protezione ha avuto un impatto maggiore sui CDS relativi alla prima categoria di debito, poiché improvvisamente percepita dal mercato come più rischiosa rispetto al passato. Lungi dall'essere del tutto esaustiva, questa tesi ha evidenziato l'importante ruolo che la garanzia implicita dello stato sul debito delle banche ha avuto nel distorcere, per lungo tempo, gli incentivi di banchieri e manager, specialmente quelli delle banche considerate "troppo grandi per fallire". La rimozione di questa garanzia e lo spostamento della responsabilità dai fondi pubblici ad alcune categorie di creditori è stata di estrema importanza per ripristinare la disciplina di mercato, riducendo i vantaggi competitivi che queste banche hanno avuto nei mercati finanziari e allineando più strettamente i costi di finanziamento con i rischi che esse assumono.

(2019). The impact of the bail-in regulation on banks’ capital structure and CDSs. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019).

The impact of the bail-in regulation on banks’ capital structure and CDSs

LEANZA, LUCA
2019

Abstract

In this thesis I have tried to capture the impact of the introduction of the new resolution framework on the banks' capital structure and their CDSs. In the first chapter we study the optimal liability structure of a bank under different resolution regimes and capital requirements. We do so by developing a structural model, allowing for bail-in and default events triggered either endogenously or by an external regulator, for a bank holding insured deposits and issuing covered (non-bail-inable) and uncovered (bail-inable) debt. As opposed to a bail-out resolution regime, a credible bail-in resolution regime endogenously reduces leverage and mitigates default risk. A strict enforcement of the Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital requirement, as introduced by the Basel III regulation, entails a dramatic reduction of the optimal bank leverage. In the second chapter of the dissertation, my current work-in-progress, I estimate the spillover effect of some bail-in related events on the European banking system. An event study methodology has been adopted on the CDS spreads written on senior unsecured and subordinated debt of 69 banks in 16 countries. The introduction of the new bank recovery and resolution framework (BRRD) has removed the government's implicit guarantee on banks' debt, causing the increase in the CDS spreads, especially for the banks considered systemically important on a global scale (G-SIBs). Moreover, given that the market beliefs concerning the probability of bailing-out the senior unsecured debt were relatively higher than the subordinated debt, the removal of the government's guarantee had a greater impact on the senior debt as it was suddenly perceived as riskier by the market than in the past. Albeit a far from being extremely precise and completely exhaustive, this thesis highlights the important role played by the implicit government guarantee on bank debt, which distorted the incentive of bankers and managers for long time, especially those of largest banks considered "too-big-to-fail". The removal of the guarantee and the shift in the responsibility from public funds to some category of creditors was of extremely importance in order to restore market discipline, reduce their competitive advantages in the funding markets and align banks' funding costs more closely to the risk they are exposed.
SBUELZ, ALESSANDRO
Bail-in; Bail-out; StrutturaDiCapitale; BRRD; CDS
Bail-in; Bail-out; Capital structure; BRRD; CDS
SECS-P/01 - ECONOMIA POLITICA
English
29-apr-2019
ECONOMIA - DEFAP - 85R
31
2017/2018
open
(2019). The impact of the bail-in regulation on banks’ capital structure and CDSs. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/241169
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