Background: sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD) are highly prevalent among congestive heart failure (CHF) patients, as indicated by the previously published ProMISeS-I study. Despite the well-known prognostic significance of SRBD in CHF patients, only few studies have performed a detailed characterization of different types of SRBD among these subjects. Aim: The aims of the present analysis, conducted in a large population of CHF patients were: 1) To explore the characteristics and prevalence of different SRBD, 2) To explore possible associations between SRBD (Outcome) and demografic, clinical characteristics (predictors). Materials and methods: A total of 830 CHF patients were consecutively enrolled in the frame of the multicentric ProMISeS-II project between february 2014 and february 2017. In all participants demographic and echocardiographic data were available for analyses. Cardio-respiratory polysomnography was performed and its results interpreted according to 2007 AASM recommendations. According to ventilatory patterns and considering an AHI ≥5 events/hour, subjects were classified into 5 different categories: 1) Prevalent Obstructive Sleep Apnea (pOSA OAHI/AHI > 0.5); 2) Prevalent Central Sleep Apnea (pCSA, CAHI/AHI > 0.5); 3) Prevalent hypopnea (pHY, HY/AHI > 0.5), 4) Mixed ventilatory pattern (pMIX) without a neat prevalence of any of the former patterns; and 5) Absence of ventilatory alterations during sleep (No SRBD, AHI < 5). The association between SRBD and their potential predictors was explored by means of generalized linear models (GLM). Results: The final cohort of the study consisted of 656 CHF patients, mostly men (n=578, 88%), mean age 65 ±11 years, median BMI 27.8 (25.2-31.1 IQR). Main identifiable causes of CHF were ischemic (56%), idiopatic (26%), other causes (11%), hypertensive (4%), and valvular (4%). An EF <40% was present in 81% of patients and atrial fibrillation was present in about 25%. The Median AHI was 21 [6 – 37.6 IQR] and the global prevalence of SRBD was 78%. Prevalence (RP) was also estimated for specific SRBDs: i) pOSA (14% n 93), ii) pCSA (23% n 153), iii) pHY (28% n 186) and v) pMIX (12% n 77). Of note, the relative prevalence of pHI (PR 1.59, 95%IC 1.17-2.17) and pCSA (PR 2.28, 95%IC 1.44-3.63) was significantly higher in men compared to women. No gender-related differences in the prevalence of pOSA nor in pMIX, were observed. In linear generalized models age was directly associated with the prevalence of all types SRBD but pOSA. In particular, each year increase in age was associated with a variable increase in the prevalence of SRBD ranging from 1% for pHI to 4% for pMIX. An unexpected result of our study regards the association of sedentarism (prevalence of 50% in our study population) with SRBDs. Compared to non-sedentary subjects, a lower relative prevalence of SRBDs was observed among sedentary subjects being 0.70 (95% IC 0.58-0.84) for pHI, 0.22 (95%IC 0.12-0.39) for pMIX, and 0.52 (95%IC 0.41-0.67) for pCSA. When evaluating the relationship between body weight and SRBDs, each unit increase in BMI was associated with a variable increase in the prevalence of SRBDs (ranging from 1% for pCSA to 4% for pMIX). Finally, the prevalence of pMIX (RP 1.37, 95%IC 1.06-1.78) and pCSA (RP 1.38, 95%IC 1.14-1.68) was significantly higher among patients with atrial fibrillation, and the prevalence of pCSA was higher (RP 1.41, 95% CI 1.09-1.82) among patients with an EF < 40%. Conclusions: the present analysis (ProMISeS-II study), conducted in a higher number of subjects (n=656) compared to the first report of the ProMISeS-I study (n=370), comfirms the extremely high prevalence of SRBD among CHF patients. In the present report SRBDs have been better characterized by identifying not only classical phenotypes such as pCSA e pOSA, but also assessing two additional categories namely pHI and mixed ventilatory patterns.

Background: I disturbi respiratori nel sonno (DRS) sono altamente prevalenti in pazienti con scompenso cardiaco cronico (SCC), come dimostrato anche nello studio ProMISeS-I. Nonostante sia ben nota la valenza prognostica delle apnee nel sonno nello SCC, pochi studi hanno analizzato in dettaglio i diversi fenotipi respiratori nel sonno, cercando di identificarne i predittori clinico-strumentali. Scopi: determinare in un’ampia popolazione di pazienti con SCC le caratteristiche e la prevalenza dei diversi fenotipi respiratori nel sonno (DRS), verificare e descrivere l’associazione tra essi (DRS-Outcome) e uno o più predittori (clinico-strumentali). Materiali e metodi: Tra febbraio 2014 e febbraio 2017 sono stati consecutivamente arruolati all’interno del progetto multicentrico ProMISeS-II 830 pazienti con SCC. Per ogni paziente sono stati acquisiti, tra gli altri, un esame polisonnografico notturno (refertato secondo AASM 2007). Sono stati identificati sulla base delle caratteristiche della meccanica ventilatoria nel sonno (cut-off AHI ≥ 5 eventi/ora) 5 fenotipi respiratori notturni principali: 1.apnee prevalentemente ostruttive (pOSA) (OAHI/AHI > 0.5), 2.apnee prevalentemente centrali (pCSA) (CAHI/AHI > 0.5), 3.prevalenti ipopnee (pHY) (HY/AHI > 0.5), 4.pattern ventilatorio misto (pMIX) senza netta prevalenza di uno dei precedenti pattern, 5.assenza di alterazioni respiratorie nel sonno (NoDRS con AHI < 5). L’associazione tra DRS e loro predittori è stata analizzata mediante modelli lineari generalizzati (GLM) Risultati: la coorte era composto maggiormente da uomini (578 (88%)), l’età media era 65(11) (media (DS)) anni, il BMI 27.8 [25.2-31.1] (mediana [range interquartile]), e l’AHI mediana era 21 [6 – 37.6]. In circa il 25% dei pazienti era presente la fibrillazione atriale e il 50% risultava sedentario. L’ 81% dei pazienti (n 529) mostrava valori di FE <40% mentre il 19% (n 127) mostrava valori di FE ≥ 40%. La prevalenza globale di DRS (DRSg) osservata era del 78% (n 509) e quella dei diversi fenotipi: i) pOSA (14%, n=93) (apnee prevalentemente ostruttive); ii) pCSA (23%, n=153) (apnee prevalentemente centrali); ii) pHI (28%, n 186) (prevalenti ipopnee); v) pMIX (12%, n 77) (pattern ventilatorio misto senza netta prevalenza di uno dei precedenti pattern). Le stime del PR ottenute tramite il modello di Poisson mostrano come il genere maschile sia positivamente associato agli eventi pHI e pCSA rispetto alle femmine (PR 1.59, 95%IC 1.17-2.17 per pHI e PR 2.28, 95%IC 1.44-3.63 per pCSA) mentre non si osserva alcuna differenza per gli altri eventi. All’aumentare unitario dell’età aumenta la prevalenza di tutti gli eventi tranne pOSA, in particolare gli incrementi variano tra 1% per pHI al 4% per pMIX. Un dato inatteso riguarda i risultati relativi alla sedentarietà: l’essere sedentario, infatti, la prevalenza degli eventi pHI, pMIX e pCSA è inferiore negli individui sedentari rispetto ai non sedentari (PR 0.70 95%IC 0.58-0.84 per pHI, PR 0.22 95%IC 0.12-0.39 per pMIX e PR 0.52 95%IC 0.41-0.67 per pCSA). Per tutti gli eventi considerati, all’aumentare unitario dei livelli di BMI incrementa anche la prevalenza degli eventi di una percentuale che varia tra 1% per pCSA al 4% per pMIX. Infine, la presenza di la prevalenza di pMIX e pCSA è maggiore nei pazienti affetti fibrillazione atriale (PR 1.37, 95%IC 1.06-1.78 per pMIX e PR 1.38, 95%IC 1.14-1.68 per pCSA) e pCSA nei pazienti con bassi livelli di frazione di eiezione rispetto ai pazienti con alti livelli (PR 1.41 95%IC 1.09-1.82). Conclusioni: Lo studio ProMISeS-II, con significativo ampliamento della casistica rispetto alla prima analisi, conferma l’elevata prevalenza dei DRS nei pazienti con SCC. Ci ha permesso inoltre di meglio caratterizzare i diversi pattern respiratori sonno-correlati, studiando oltre ai fenotipi classici di pCSA e pOSA, anche ipopnee o pattern misti.

(2019). Progetto Multicentrico Italiano Sonno e Scompenso (ProMISeS-II): “Disturbi Respiratori Nel Sonno e Scompenso Cardiaco”. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019).

Progetto Multicentrico Italiano Sonno e Scompenso (ProMISeS-II): “Disturbi Respiratori Nel Sonno e Scompenso Cardiaco”

MAKIL, ELHASSAN
2019

Abstract

Background: sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD) are highly prevalent among congestive heart failure (CHF) patients, as indicated by the previously published ProMISeS-I study. Despite the well-known prognostic significance of SRBD in CHF patients, only few studies have performed a detailed characterization of different types of SRBD among these subjects. Aim: The aims of the present analysis, conducted in a large population of CHF patients were: 1) To explore the characteristics and prevalence of different SRBD, 2) To explore possible associations between SRBD (Outcome) and demografic, clinical characteristics (predictors). Materials and methods: A total of 830 CHF patients were consecutively enrolled in the frame of the multicentric ProMISeS-II project between february 2014 and february 2017. In all participants demographic and echocardiographic data were available for analyses. Cardio-respiratory polysomnography was performed and its results interpreted according to 2007 AASM recommendations. According to ventilatory patterns and considering an AHI ≥5 events/hour, subjects were classified into 5 different categories: 1) Prevalent Obstructive Sleep Apnea (pOSA OAHI/AHI > 0.5); 2) Prevalent Central Sleep Apnea (pCSA, CAHI/AHI > 0.5); 3) Prevalent hypopnea (pHY, HY/AHI > 0.5), 4) Mixed ventilatory pattern (pMIX) without a neat prevalence of any of the former patterns; and 5) Absence of ventilatory alterations during sleep (No SRBD, AHI < 5). The association between SRBD and their potential predictors was explored by means of generalized linear models (GLM). Results: The final cohort of the study consisted of 656 CHF patients, mostly men (n=578, 88%), mean age 65 ±11 years, median BMI 27.8 (25.2-31.1 IQR). Main identifiable causes of CHF were ischemic (56%), idiopatic (26%), other causes (11%), hypertensive (4%), and valvular (4%). An EF <40% was present in 81% of patients and atrial fibrillation was present in about 25%. The Median AHI was 21 [6 – 37.6 IQR] and the global prevalence of SRBD was 78%. Prevalence (RP) was also estimated for specific SRBDs: i) pOSA (14% n 93), ii) pCSA (23% n 153), iii) pHY (28% n 186) and v) pMIX (12% n 77). Of note, the relative prevalence of pHI (PR 1.59, 95%IC 1.17-2.17) and pCSA (PR 2.28, 95%IC 1.44-3.63) was significantly higher in men compared to women. No gender-related differences in the prevalence of pOSA nor in pMIX, were observed. In linear generalized models age was directly associated with the prevalence of all types SRBD but pOSA. In particular, each year increase in age was associated with a variable increase in the prevalence of SRBD ranging from 1% for pHI to 4% for pMIX. An unexpected result of our study regards the association of sedentarism (prevalence of 50% in our study population) with SRBDs. Compared to non-sedentary subjects, a lower relative prevalence of SRBDs was observed among sedentary subjects being 0.70 (95% IC 0.58-0.84) for pHI, 0.22 (95%IC 0.12-0.39) for pMIX, and 0.52 (95%IC 0.41-0.67) for pCSA. When evaluating the relationship between body weight and SRBDs, each unit increase in BMI was associated with a variable increase in the prevalence of SRBDs (ranging from 1% for pCSA to 4% for pMIX). Finally, the prevalence of pMIX (RP 1.37, 95%IC 1.06-1.78) and pCSA (RP 1.38, 95%IC 1.14-1.68) was significantly higher among patients with atrial fibrillation, and the prevalence of pCSA was higher (RP 1.41, 95% CI 1.09-1.82) among patients with an EF < 40%. Conclusions: the present analysis (ProMISeS-II study), conducted in a higher number of subjects (n=656) compared to the first report of the ProMISeS-I study (n=370), comfirms the extremely high prevalence of SRBD among CHF patients. In the present report SRBDs have been better characterized by identifying not only classical phenotypes such as pCSA e pOSA, but also assessing two additional categories namely pHI and mixed ventilatory patterns.
PARATI, GIANFRANCO
disturbi; respiratori; sonno; scompenso; cardiaco
sleep; related; BREATHING; heart; cardiaco
MED/11 - MALATTIE DELL'APPARATO CARDIOVASCOLARE
Italian
8-feb-2019
SANITA' PUBBLICA - 78R
31
2017/2018
open
(2019). Progetto Multicentrico Italiano Sonno e Scompenso (ProMISeS-II): “Disturbi Respiratori Nel Sonno e Scompenso Cardiaco”. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/241151
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