This study is focused on the atmospheric concentration and the behavior of specific organic compounds in the Lombardy Region, a critical area for atmospheric pollution, and in the North Sea. The attention will be focused on compounds that are potentially toxic for human health (such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons- PAHs) and that can give information on their emission source (such as alkanes). The correct identification of the anthropogenic pollutant sources would allow to design suitable abatement strategies to improve the air quality. Samples of atmospheric particulate and gaseous phases collected in Milan were analyzed to study the atmospheric gas/particle partitioning of semi-volatile PAHs and n-alkanes in different seasons. Since one of the most important source of the particulate matter in Lombardy Region during all the year is vehicle exhausts, a comparison between the concentrations and the chemical composition of particulate matter collected in Milan, at two sites with different traffic loads, was performed for the purpose of evaluating the effect of the Low Emission Zone. In addition to car exhausts, emissions related to airport activities aroused great interest in recent years since civil aviation is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the global economy. In the Lombardy region is located the international airport of Milan-Malpensa that represents the main airport of northern Italy and the second Italian airport for passenger traffic after that of Rome-Fiumicino. A sampling campaign was performed inside the airport, in order to study the contribution of airport activities to the emissions of the main atmospheric pollutants and to assess the impact of these activities on the surrounding area. Air pollution, however, is a problem not only for urban sites; pollutants can, in fact, be transported over long distances and thus contribute to the air pollution of remote sites. The study of atmospheric pollutants in remote sites can provide information on the extension of human and natural emissions into ecosystems far from emission sources. The atmospheric gas/particle partitioning of semi-volatile PAHs and n-alkanes in samples collected during a campaign in the North Sea, thus coming from environments with very different characteristics to an urban site the was performed to assess how these parameters affect the phase partitioning of the considered chemical species. The experimental data was used for the implementation of phase partitioning models, which have so far been applied almost exclusively to aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, while very few work concerns other classes of compounds such as n-alkanes. Finally, since PAHs are of particular concern because of their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, the carcinogenic potency of the emitted PAHs and the lifetime lung cancer risk of PAH exposure by inhalation in people living in urban and near remote sites, was assessed.

Questo studio si focalizza sulla concentrazione e sul comportamento di composti organici in atmosfera nella Regione Lombardia, un'area critica per l'inquinamento atmosferico, e nel Mare del Nord. L'attenzione sarà incentrata su composti potenzialmente tossici per la salute umana (come gli idrocarburi policiclici aromatici - IPA) e composti che possono fornire informazioni sulle sorgenti di emissione (come gli alcani). La corretta identificazione delle sorgenti dell’inquinamento consente di progettare strategie di abbattimento adeguate per migliorare la qualità dell'aria. I campioni, sia in fase particolata che in fase gassosa, raccolti a Milano sono stati analizzati per studiare la ripartizione di fase di IPA semi-volatili e di alcani lineari in diverse stagioni. Poiché una delle fonti più importanti del particolato in Lombardia durante tutto l'anno è costituita dalle emissioni autoveicolari, è stato effettuato un confronto tra le concentrazioni e la composizione chimica del particolato raccolto a Milano, in due siti con carichi di traffico diversi, al fine di valutare l'effetto della zona a traffico limitato (ZTL). Oltre alle emissioni autoveicolari, le emissioni relative alle attività aeroportuali hanno destato grande interesse negli ultimi anni; l'aviazione civile è, infatti, uno dei settori in più rapida crescita dell'economia globale. In Lombardia si trova l'aeroporto internazionale di Milano-Malpensa che rappresenta il principale aeroporto del nord Italia e il secondo aeroporto italiano per traffico passeggeri dopo quello di Roma-Fiumicino. All'interno dell'aeroporto è stata realizzata una campagna di campionamento per studiare il contributo delle attività aeroportuali alle emissioni dei principali inquinanti atmosferici e valutare l'impatto di queste attività sui comuni dell'area circostante. L'inquinamento atmosferico, tuttavia, è un problema che non riguarda solo i siti urbani; gli inquinanti possono, infatti, essere trasportati su lunghe distanze e contribuire all'inquinamento atmosferico dei siti remoti. Lo studio degli inquinanti atmosferici in siti remoti può fornire informazioni sull'estensione delle emissioni umane e naturali in ecosistemi lontani dalle fonti di emissione. La ripartizione di fase di IPA semi-volatili e n-alcani in campioni raccolti durante una campagna nel Mare del Nord, provenienti quindi da ambienti con caratteristiche molto diverse da un sito urbano, è stata studiata per valutare come questi caratteristiche influenzino la ripartizione di fase dei composti considerati. I dati sperimentali sono stati utilizzati per l'implementazione di modelli di ripartizione di fase, che finora sono stati applicati quasi esclusivamente a idrocarburi aromatici policiclici, mentre pochissimi lavori riguardano altre classi di composti come gli alcani. Infine, poiché gli IPA sono particolarmente preoccupanti a causa delle loro proprietà mutagene e cancerogene, è stata valutata la potenziale cancerogenicità degli IPA emessi e il rischio di cancro al polmone a seguito dell’inalazione di IPA per tutta la durata della vita in persone che vivono in siti urbani e nei pressi di siti remoti. 


(2018). POTENTIALLY TOXIC COMPOUNDS FOR HUMAN HEALTH IN THE GASEOUS AND PARTICULATE PHASE OF THE ATMOSPHERE: FROM THE EFFECT OF LOW EMISSION ZONES TO REMOTE SITES. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018).

POTENTIALLY TOXIC COMPOUNDS FOR HUMAN HEALTH IN THE GASEOUS AND PARTICULATE PHASE OF THE ATMOSPHERE: FROM THE EFFECT OF LOW EMISSION ZONES TO REMOTE SITES

RIZZI, CRISTIANA ALESSANDRA
2018

Abstract

This study is focused on the atmospheric concentration and the behavior of specific organic compounds in the Lombardy Region, a critical area for atmospheric pollution, and in the North Sea. The attention will be focused on compounds that are potentially toxic for human health (such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons- PAHs) and that can give information on their emission source (such as alkanes). The correct identification of the anthropogenic pollutant sources would allow to design suitable abatement strategies to improve the air quality. Samples of atmospheric particulate and gaseous phases collected in Milan were analyzed to study the atmospheric gas/particle partitioning of semi-volatile PAHs and n-alkanes in different seasons. Since one of the most important source of the particulate matter in Lombardy Region during all the year is vehicle exhausts, a comparison between the concentrations and the chemical composition of particulate matter collected in Milan, at two sites with different traffic loads, was performed for the purpose of evaluating the effect of the Low Emission Zone. In addition to car exhausts, emissions related to airport activities aroused great interest in recent years since civil aviation is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the global economy. In the Lombardy region is located the international airport of Milan-Malpensa that represents the main airport of northern Italy and the second Italian airport for passenger traffic after that of Rome-Fiumicino. A sampling campaign was performed inside the airport, in order to study the contribution of airport activities to the emissions of the main atmospheric pollutants and to assess the impact of these activities on the surrounding area. Air pollution, however, is a problem not only for urban sites; pollutants can, in fact, be transported over long distances and thus contribute to the air pollution of remote sites. The study of atmospheric pollutants in remote sites can provide information on the extension of human and natural emissions into ecosystems far from emission sources. The atmospheric gas/particle partitioning of semi-volatile PAHs and n-alkanes in samples collected during a campaign in the North Sea, thus coming from environments with very different characteristics to an urban site the was performed to assess how these parameters affect the phase partitioning of the considered chemical species. The experimental data was used for the implementation of phase partitioning models, which have so far been applied almost exclusively to aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, while very few work concerns other classes of compounds such as n-alkanes. Finally, since PAHs are of particular concern because of their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, the carcinogenic potency of the emitted PAHs and the lifetime lung cancer risk of PAH exposure by inhalation in people living in urban and near remote sites, was assessed.
BOLZACCHINI, EZIO
PM,; PAHs,; alkanes,; gas/particle; partitioning
PM,; PAHs; alkanes,; gas/particle; partitioning
CHIM/12 - CHIMICA DELL'AMBIENTE E DEI BENI CULTURALI
English
5-mar-2018
SCIENZE CHIMICHE, GEOLOGICHE E AMBIENTALI - 94R
30
2016/2017
open
(2018). POTENTIALLY TOXIC COMPOUNDS FOR HUMAN HEALTH IN THE GASEOUS AND PARTICULATE PHASE OF THE ATMOSPHERE: FROM THE EFFECT OF LOW EMISSION ZONES TO REMOTE SITES. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018).
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
phd_unimib_704156.pdf

Accesso Aperto

Descrizione: tesi di dottorato
Tipologia di allegato: Doctoral thesis
Dimensione 10.88 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
10.88 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/199123
Citazioni
  • Scopus ND
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
Social impact