Next generation sequencing (NGS) refers to a group of innovative sequencing techniques that allow analyzing a high number of DNA or RNA sequences both for diagnostic and research purposes. As compared to traditional Sanger sequencing, NGS allows analyzing at the same time a large number of genes causally linked to human pathology or to search for new genes. In the first case, customized gene panels are used, with relatively low costs and substantial advantages in terms of time. Movement disorders are a heterogeneous group of neurological diseases that can manifest at any age with an abnormal movement production. There are several genetic causes of movement disorders, especially in the pediatric population, and NGS is contributing to significantly widen our knowledge of the genetic bases of several of these rare disorders. At Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, a large cohort of patients with rare movement disorders are followed, including a substantial proportion of pediatric cases. During my PhD course, we applied targeted resequencing and Whole Exome Sequencing to selected patients, kindreds or homogeneous subgroup of patients affected by specific movement disorders (e.g. chorea, dystonia) as part of routine diagnostic workup or in collaboration with foreign Institutes, with a particular focus on pediatric patients. We were able to identify carriers of recently discovered genes (ADCY5, PDE10A) and to widen the phenotypic spectrum previously associated with known genes (GNAL, PSEN1). Moreover, we contributed to international projects that allowed the discovery of new genes responsible for movement disorders (KCTD17, PDE10A) mainly with onset in childhood. Despite some technical limitations that still need some caution, the advent of NGS is profoundly changing the way clinicians diagnose movement disorders and is contributing to progressively decrease the proportion of patients with genetically undefined rare disease.

Il termine Next generation sequencing (NGS) si riferisce ad un gruppo di moderne tecnologie di sequenziamento di acidi nucleici che rende possibile l’analisi di un elevato numero di sequenze di DNA o RNA sia per scopi diagnostici che di ricerca. Rispetto al sequenziamento tradizionale secondo Sanger, l’NGS permette di analizzare allo stesso tempo molti geni responsabili di patologie umane o di individuare nuovi geni ancora ignoti. Nel primo caso, vengono utilizzati in diagnostica pannelli genici dedicati, con costi relativamente contenuti e notevole risparmio di tempo rispetto al sequenziamento tradizionale. I disturbi del movimento sono un gruppo eterogeneo di disordini neurologici che possono manifestarsi in tutte le età della vita con un’anormale produzione del movimento stesso. Esistono molti disturbi del movimento su base genetica, specialmente nella popolazione pediatrica e l’NGS sta contribuendo in maniera significativa ad ampliare le conoscenze relative a queste patologie. Presso l’Istituto Carlo Besta vengono seguiti molti pazienti affetti da disturbi del movimento, inclusa un’ampia percentuale di casi ad esordio pediatrico. Durante il mio Dottorato di Ricerca, abbiamo analizzato tramite NGS pazienti selezionati, famiglie o gruppi omogenei di pazienti con lo stesso disturbo del movimento (es. distonia, corea) sia a fini diagnostici sia come parte di collaborazioni scientifiche con istituti esteri, focalizzandoci in particolar modo sui pazienti pediatrici. Grazie a ciò, abbiamo individuato nuovi pazienti con mutazioni in geni di recente scoperta (ADCY5, PDE10A) ed ampliato lo spettro fenotipico di geni già noti (GNAL, PSEN1). Inoltre, abbiamo partecipato a progetti di ricerca internazionali che hanno portato alla scoperta di nuovi geni responsabili di disturbi del movimento (KCTD17, PDE10A) con esordio prevalentemente pediatrico. Nonostante permangano alcuni limiti tecnici che necessitano di qualche cautela, l’utilizzo dell’NGS sta profondamente cambiando il modo in cui i clinici impostano l’iter diagnostico nei disturbi del movimento e sta contribuendo a ridurre progressivamente la percentuale di pazienti affetti da malattie rare ancora non caratterizzate geneticamente.

(2018). The impact of Next Generation Sequencing in rare movement disorders diagnosis: results from a tertiary referral center.. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018).

The impact of Next Generation Sequencing in rare movement disorders diagnosis: results from a tertiary referral center.

CARECCHIO, MIRYAM
2018

Abstract

Next generation sequencing (NGS) refers to a group of innovative sequencing techniques that allow analyzing a high number of DNA or RNA sequences both for diagnostic and research purposes. As compared to traditional Sanger sequencing, NGS allows analyzing at the same time a large number of genes causally linked to human pathology or to search for new genes. In the first case, customized gene panels are used, with relatively low costs and substantial advantages in terms of time. Movement disorders are a heterogeneous group of neurological diseases that can manifest at any age with an abnormal movement production. There are several genetic causes of movement disorders, especially in the pediatric population, and NGS is contributing to significantly widen our knowledge of the genetic bases of several of these rare disorders. At Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, a large cohort of patients with rare movement disorders are followed, including a substantial proportion of pediatric cases. During my PhD course, we applied targeted resequencing and Whole Exome Sequencing to selected patients, kindreds or homogeneous subgroup of patients affected by specific movement disorders (e.g. chorea, dystonia) as part of routine diagnostic workup or in collaboration with foreign Institutes, with a particular focus on pediatric patients. We were able to identify carriers of recently discovered genes (ADCY5, PDE10A) and to widen the phenotypic spectrum previously associated with known genes (GNAL, PSEN1). Moreover, we contributed to international projects that allowed the discovery of new genes responsible for movement disorders (KCTD17, PDE10A) mainly with onset in childhood. Despite some technical limitations that still need some caution, the advent of NGS is profoundly changing the way clinicians diagnose movement disorders and is contributing to progressively decrease the proportion of patients with genetically undefined rare disease.
TIRANTI, VALERIA
NGS;; genetics;; movemement; disorders;; pediatric.
NGS;; genetics;; movemement; disorders;; pediatric.
BIO/13 - BIOLOGIA APPLICATA
English
20-mar-2018
MEDICINA TRASLAZIONALE E MOLECOLARE - DIMET - 76R
30
2016/2017
open
(2018). The impact of Next Generation Sequencing in rare movement disorders diagnosis: results from a tertiary referral center.. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/199033
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