Violence against women is known to be a worldwide emerging issue. In fact, 1 in 3 women throughout the world experience physical violence and/or sexual violence by a partner (WHO, 2013). 2 million women in Italy deal with severe poverty (Istat, 2016) and 6 million deal with physical violence (Istat, 2015).All these factors may also influence parenting, the ability to promote and support physical, emotional, social, economic and intellectual development of a child (Bornstein M.H., 1991) Several studies show that specific characteristics of these experiences are associated with psychological consequences and how the severity and chronicity of suffered violent acts are linked with psychological distress, anxiety, depression, PTSD and other symptoms (Dutton, 1992; Ahlfs-Dunn SM, 2016). In the light of these considerations, it is evident the complexity of the operators’ work in specialized centers that make contact with people who live in these dramatic conditions.Aims of this research are therefore to evaluate the psychological impact of violence on needy women, on the parenting experience and on operators involved in human services. The study takes place at Centro San Fedele in Milan, an organization that have particular attention on social aspects and sanitary education, aimed at hosting, taking care and supporting people who need help. Two series of tests were created ad hoc,composed by a registry paper,General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), (Piccinelli et al., 1993); Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM), Parenting Stress Index (PSI-SF) (Guarino, 2008). The series of tests dedicated to operators was composed by a registry paper; Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) (Maslach & Jackson, 1981); Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS-2)(Endler & Parker, 1990), Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES).The sample is composed by 150 women (mean age: 44.92; s.d.=±13.93). 58,7% has been victim of any type of violence. People who have been victim of any type of violence reported significantly worse levels of Wellbeing (t=-2.13;p=.035), Symptoms (t=-2.36;p=.02), Functioning (t=-2.92;p=.004), Risk (t=-2.68;p=.008), Total Distress (t=-2.96;p=.004) than who didn’t report any type of violence. Furthermore victims of physical or psychological violence reported significantly worse levels of all the subscales of CORE-OM and worse levels of general health. The number of types of violence experienced was significantly correlated with Symptoms (r=.226;p<.01), Risk (r=.254;p<.01), Total Distress (r=.259;p<.01). The geographic origin didn’t significantly influence any variables investigated (p>.05). Out of 150 women 108 are mothers (mean age=39.90; s.d=± 11.35). Women who have been subject to violence have a greater impairment of their functioning (t(138)=-2,37;p=,02)and total CORE (t(138)=-2,16;p=,03). Victims of economic violence reported a greater level of parental distress, particularly connected with the managing of a child (PSI)(t(50)=-2,14; p=,038). The latter variable seems to be foretold by GHQ level with the effect of having a a partner as a moderator variable(F(3;47)=4,199;p=,0103). The sample of operators is composed instead by 22 volunteers (W=16; M=6; mean age=55,32; ds=16,65), who reported low levels of Emotional Exhaustion (m=11.71; s.d.=11.88) and moderate levels of Depersonalization (m=4.41; s. d.=4.39) and Personal Accomplishment (m=36.48;s.d.=6.98). Men and women did not differ significantly on levels of any subscales. Volunteers who has a direct contact with patients reported significantly higher levels of Emotional Exhaustion (t=2.235, p<.05) compared to others . According to different authors (Briere, 2004; Krantz&Garcia-Moreno, 2005; Krauss, 2006) work on these aspects could be relevant in order to identify the emergence of discomfort and provide preventive psychological interventions.

La violenza contro le donne costituisce un problema a livello mondiale. 1 donna su 3, in tutto il mondo, subisce violenza fisica e/o sessuale da parte del partner (WHO, 2013). 2 milioni di persone si trovano in condizioni di grave povertà (Istat, 2016).Questi fattori possono incidere anche sulla sfera della genitorialità, in particolare intaccando la capacità di promuovere e supportare lo sviluppo fisico, emotivo, sociale, economico ed intellettuale del proprio figlio (Bornstein M.H., 19919. Diversi studi mostrano come specifiche caratteristiche di queste esperienze siano associate a conseguenze psicologiche e come la gravità e la cronicità degli atti di violenza subiti mostrino un legame con distress psicologico, vissuti di ansia, depressione, PTSD e altri sintomi (Dutton, 1992; Ahlfs-Dunn S.M.,2016). Gli scopi di questa ricerca sono quindi valutare l’impatto psicologico della violenza sulle donne in condizioni di povertà, sulla dimensione della genitorialità e sugli operatori che lavorano nell’ambito dell’assistenza socio-sanitaria. Lo studio si è svolto al Centro del San Fedele di Milano, un’organizzazione che riserva particolare attenzione all’accompagnamento sociale e all’educazione sanitaria .Sono state costruite ad hoc due batterie testali., costituite da una scheda anagrafica; il General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), (Piccinelli et al., 1993); il Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM); il Parenting Stress Index (PSI-SF) (Guarino, 2008). La batteria per gli operatori comprende una scheda anagrafica; il Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) (Maslach & Jackson, 1981), il Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS-2) (Endler & Parker, 1990), il Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES). Il campione è compost da 150 donne (età media: 44,92; d.s.=± 13,93) . Il 58,7% è stata vittima di un qualche tipo di violenza. Le persone che hanno subito un qualche tipo di violenza hanno riportato livelli significativamente peggiori di Benessere (t=-2,13;p=,035), Sintomi (t=-2,36;p=,02), Funzionamento (t=-2,92;p=,004), Rischio (t=-2,68;p=,008) e Distress Totale (t=-2,96;p=,004) rispetto a chi non ha sperimentato alcun tipo di violenza. Inoltre, le vittime di violenza fisica o psicologica hanno riportato livelli significativamente peggiori in tutte le sottoscale del questionario CORE-OM e peggiori livelli di salute generale. La provenienza geografica non è invece risultata influenzare nessuna delle variabili indagate (p>,05). Su 150 donne 108 sono madri (età media: 39,90; d.s.=± 11,35). In un’ottica preventiva, è stato scelto di testare solo le madri di bambini sotto gli 11 anni. Le donne che hanno subito violenza riportano maggiore compromissione del Funzionamento (t(138)=-2,37;p=,02) e CORE-Totale (t(138)=-2,16;p=,03). Le vittime di violenza economica hanno riportato un maggiore livello di distress genitoriale, in particolare connesso con la gestione di un bambino difficile (PSI)(t(50)=-2,14; p=,038). Quest’ultima variabile risulta inoltre essere predetta dal livello di GHQ con effetto dell’avere un partner quale variabile moderatrice(F(3;47)=4,199;p=,0103). Il campione degli operatori invece è compost da 22 volontari (D:16; M=6; età media: 55,32; s.d.=16,65), che hanno riportato bassi livelli di Esaurimento Emotivo (m=11,71; d.s.=11,88) e moderati di Depersonalizzazione (m=4,41; d.s.=4,39) e Realizzazione Personale (m=36,48; d.s.=6,98). Uomini e donne non differiscono significativamente rispetto ad alcuna sottoscala. I volontari che lavorano a diretto contatto con gli utenti riportano livelli significativamente più elevati di Esaurimento Emotivo (t=2,235, p<,05) rispetto ai colleghiSecondo diversi autori (Briere, 2004; Krantz & Garcia-Moreno, 2005; Krauss, 2006) lavorare su questi aspetti potrebbe essere rilevante al fine di identificare l'emergere di disagio e fornire interventi di prevenzione.

(2017). MULTICULTURALITA’, DISAGIO SOCIO ECONOMICO E VIOLENZA CONTRO LE DONNE: ACTION RESEARCH DI PREVENZIONE E AZIONE CON UTENTI E OPERATORI DI ASSISTENZA SOCIO-SANITARIA. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017).

MULTICULTURALITA’, DISAGIO SOCIO ECONOMICO E VIOLENZA CONTRO LE DONNE: ACTION RESEARCH DI PREVENZIONE E AZIONE CON UTENTI E OPERATORI DI ASSISTENZA SOCIO-SANITARIA

RATTI, MARIA MONICA
2017

Abstract

Violence against women is known to be a worldwide emerging issue. In fact, 1 in 3 women throughout the world experience physical violence and/or sexual violence by a partner (WHO, 2013). 2 million women in Italy deal with severe poverty (Istat, 2016) and 6 million deal with physical violence (Istat, 2015).All these factors may also influence parenting, the ability to promote and support physical, emotional, social, economic and intellectual development of a child (Bornstein M.H., 1991) Several studies show that specific characteristics of these experiences are associated with psychological consequences and how the severity and chronicity of suffered violent acts are linked with psychological distress, anxiety, depression, PTSD and other symptoms (Dutton, 1992; Ahlfs-Dunn SM, 2016). In the light of these considerations, it is evident the complexity of the operators’ work in specialized centers that make contact with people who live in these dramatic conditions.Aims of this research are therefore to evaluate the psychological impact of violence on needy women, on the parenting experience and on operators involved in human services. The study takes place at Centro San Fedele in Milan, an organization that have particular attention on social aspects and sanitary education, aimed at hosting, taking care and supporting people who need help. Two series of tests were created ad hoc,composed by a registry paper,General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), (Piccinelli et al., 1993); Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM), Parenting Stress Index (PSI-SF) (Guarino, 2008). The series of tests dedicated to operators was composed by a registry paper; Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) (Maslach & Jackson, 1981); Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS-2)(Endler & Parker, 1990), Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES).The sample is composed by 150 women (mean age: 44.92; s.d.=±13.93). 58,7% has been victim of any type of violence. People who have been victim of any type of violence reported significantly worse levels of Wellbeing (t=-2.13;p=.035), Symptoms (t=-2.36;p=.02), Functioning (t=-2.92;p=.004), Risk (t=-2.68;p=.008), Total Distress (t=-2.96;p=.004) than who didn’t report any type of violence. Furthermore victims of physical or psychological violence reported significantly worse levels of all the subscales of CORE-OM and worse levels of general health. The number of types of violence experienced was significantly correlated with Symptoms (r=.226;p<.01), Risk (r=.254;p<.01), Total Distress (r=.259;p<.01). The geographic origin didn’t significantly influence any variables investigated (p>.05). Out of 150 women 108 are mothers (mean age=39.90; s.d=± 11.35). Women who have been subject to violence have a greater impairment of their functioning (t(138)=-2,37;p=,02)and total CORE (t(138)=-2,16;p=,03). Victims of economic violence reported a greater level of parental distress, particularly connected with the managing of a child (PSI)(t(50)=-2,14; p=,038). The latter variable seems to be foretold by GHQ level with the effect of having a a partner as a moderator variable(F(3;47)=4,199;p=,0103). The sample of operators is composed instead by 22 volunteers (W=16; M=6; mean age=55,32; ds=16,65), who reported low levels of Emotional Exhaustion (m=11.71; s.d.=11.88) and moderate levels of Depersonalization (m=4.41; s. d.=4.39) and Personal Accomplishment (m=36.48;s.d.=6.98). Men and women did not differ significantly on levels of any subscales. Volunteers who has a direct contact with patients reported significantly higher levels of Emotional Exhaustion (t=2.235, p<.05) compared to others . According to different authors (Briere, 2004; Krantz&Garcia-Moreno, 2005; Krauss, 2006) work on these aspects could be relevant in order to identify the emergence of discomfort and provide preventive psychological interventions.
STREPPARAVA, MARIA GRAZIA
multiculturalità,; donne,; violenza,; disagio,; ricerca
multiculturalism,; violence,; women,; disease,; ricerca
M-PED/01 - PEDAGOGIA GENERALE E SOCIALE
Italian
20-nov-2017
SCIENZE DELLA FORMAZIONE E DELLA COMUNICAZIONE - 91R
29
2015/2016
open
(2017). MULTICULTURALITA’, DISAGIO SOCIO ECONOMICO E VIOLENZA CONTRO LE DONNE: ACTION RESEARCH DI PREVENZIONE E AZIONE CON UTENTI E OPERATORI DI ASSISTENZA SOCIO-SANITARIA. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017).
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