What is justice? What about the meaning of justice at school? What are the teachers' representations of justice and injustice and what is the relationship between their representations and teachers' work in the classroom? How do the students describe teachers' behavior during the lesson? Many branches of philosophy (Aristotele; Platone; Kant, 1788; Kelsen, 1952), of sociology (Rawls 1977; Boudon, 2002) and of psychology (Piaget, 1932; Kohlberg, 1958) have studied the topic of justice in depth and recently it has became the object of search of educational science (Dalbert, 2006; Mikula, 2005; Chory Assad, 2002, 2007, 2013; Berti, Molinari, Speltini, 2010; Kanizsa, Garavaglia, .Mosconi, 2013; 2014), with reference to organizational justice theory (Cropanzano & Greenberg, 1997; Greenberg, 1990; Folger & Cropanzano, 2001; Cropanzano, 1993). Organizational studies highlight three concepts of justice: distributive justice that is a subjective perception elicited by a comparison between actual and deserved rewards; procedural justice refers to the fairness of the mean by which distributions are made; interactional justice refers to perception of fairness in the interpersonal treatment received by individuals, mainly in the communicative and relational requests. The aim of this research, with particular reference to social representations theory (Moscovici, 1989; Palmonari, Emiliani, 2009) is therefore to identify and analyse teachers’ meanings about the concepts of justice and injustice through the narration of their past and their experiences in the classroom. Secondly, the aim is to understand their representations of justice, which they unconsciously use in their daily work in the classroom and to understand how they affect, even by implication, their educational and teaching relationships. At least, we hope to verify the possible discrepancies between the teachers' and students thought of justice. The subjects were 12 secondary school teachers belonging to different school in the urban area of Milan and in the hinterland of the same city, and 48 students belonging to the same classroom as the teachers. The teachers were teaching different subjects (philosophy, sciences, math, law and economy and italian literature). The data was collected during the 2014-2015 school year and was obtained during low-structured interviews for the teachers and with 6 focus groups for a total of 48 students. A mixed-method approach was used: the qualitative data collected was coded into categories to facilitate quantitative analysis, while the same of text was subjected to co-word analysis conducted using T-lab software. The results indicated that teachers and students share the same conception of justice. The teachers, on one hand, according to the organizational justice theory, especially in regards to principles of interactional justice, declare themselves to be “just” and fair teachers, because they are respectful to the students and their needs and they have paid attention to the teacher-student relationship. On the other hand, the students' descriptions of their teachers, highlight the discrepancies between the teachers' representations and beliefs and their actual behaviour in the classroom. The results of current research confirm the importance that teachers need to be involved in vocational training or in training courses in which they become aware of a possible inconsistency between their beliefs and their behavior in the classroom. Only a coherent teacher can be “just” and can entertain a fair teachers-students relationship. Briefly, justice can only be achieved if both teachers and students see each other as coherent and just.

Quale significato assume il termine di giustizia in ambito scolastico? Quali sono le rappresentazioni di giustizia e di ingiustizia negli insegnanti e che rapporto intercorre tra queste ed il loro operato in classe? Come gli studenti descrivono l'effettivo comportamento degli insegnanti? Il tema della giustizia è stato affrontato in diverse discipline come la filosofia (Aristotele; Platone; Kant, 1781) la sociologia (Rawls, 1977; Boudon, 2002), la psicologia cognitiva (Piaget, 1932; Kohlberg, 1958) e solo di recente è diventato oggetto di studio in ambito pedagogico (Dalbert, 2006; Mikula, 2005; Chory Assad, 2002, 2007, 2013; Berti, Molinari, Speltini, 2010; Kanizsa, Garavaglia, Mosconi, 2013; Kanizsa, Mosconi, Garavaglia, 2014), con particolare riferimento agli studi sulla giustizia nelle organizzazioni (Greenberg, 1987, 1990; Cropanzano, 1993, 2001) che si sono in particolar modo focalizzati sulla distribuzione delle risorse in un'organizzazione (distributive justice), sulle modalità e procedure utilizzate a questo scopo (procedural justice) ed infine sulla qualità delle relazioni interpersonali tra coloro che vivono nel medesimo contesto (interactional justice). E' proprio a partire da questi studi che anche in ambito educativo è iniziata una riflessione sul significato che i termini di giustizia e di ingiustizia possono assumere. Obiettivo di questa ricerca è quello di far emergere le rappresentazioni di giustizia e di ingiustizia negli insegnanti della scuola secondaria di II grado ed il rapporto che intercorre tra queste ed il loro effettivo operato in classe (Festinger, 1992), con particolare riferimento alla teoria delle rappresentazioni sociali (Farr, Moscovici, 1989; Palmonari, Emiliani, 2009) e di verificare eventuali discrepanze tra le concezioni di giustizia negli insegnanti e quelle negli studenti. Per fare questo nell'anno scolastico 2014-2015 sono stati intervistati, utilizzando un'intervista con un basso livello di strutturazione (Trinchero, 2002), non direttiva ed in profondità (Kanizsa, 1993), 12 insegnanti di scuola superiore, appartenenti ad Istituti dislocati sul territorio di Milano e Provincia e che insegnano diverse materie (filosofia, lettere, diritto ed economia, matematica, scienze). Sono stati inoltre effettuati 6 focus group che hanno coinvolto un totale di 48 studenti appartenenti alle classi degli insegnanti intervistati. L'analisi dei dati è avvenuta utilizzando il metodo qualitativo (S. Kanizsa, 1993; R.Trinchero, 2002; L. Mortari, 2010) cui è seguita un'analisi di tipo quantitativo con il software T-lab (analisi delle co-occorrenze, delle associazioni di parole, confronti tra coppie). I risultati dell'analisi evidenziano la medesima concezione di giustizia sia negli insegnanti, che si definiscono “giusti” in quanto rispettosi dei bisogni degli studenti ed attenti alle dinamiche relazionali sottostanti il processo di insegnamento-apprendimento, e sia negli studenti che riconoscono in modo particolare queste immagini di giustizia. Ciò che si evince dalle descrizioni che gli studenti fanno dei loro insegnanti è la discrepanza tra l'idea di giustizia che questi ultimi dichiarano e ed i comportamenti effettivi che essi agiscono in classe, che risultano essere “ingiusti” agli occhi degli studenti. Solo una presa di coscienza da parte degli insegnanti di una possibile incoerenza tra quello che pensano essere giusto e quello che agiscono nella realtà scolastica potrebbe risolvere almeno in parte le incomprensioni con gli studenti e permettere che il processo di insegnamento-apprendimento sia vissuto da tutti gli attori come coerente e “giusto”.

(2016). Una ricerca sui vissuti di giustizia e sulle pratiche educative a scuola: docenti e studenti di Scuola Superiore a confronto.. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016).

Una ricerca sui vissuti di giustizia e sulle pratiche educative a scuola: docenti e studenti di Scuola Superiore a confronto.

MOSCONI, GERMANA
2016

Abstract

What is justice? What about the meaning of justice at school? What are the teachers' representations of justice and injustice and what is the relationship between their representations and teachers' work in the classroom? How do the students describe teachers' behavior during the lesson? Many branches of philosophy (Aristotele; Platone; Kant, 1788; Kelsen, 1952), of sociology (Rawls 1977; Boudon, 2002) and of psychology (Piaget, 1932; Kohlberg, 1958) have studied the topic of justice in depth and recently it has became the object of search of educational science (Dalbert, 2006; Mikula, 2005; Chory Assad, 2002, 2007, 2013; Berti, Molinari, Speltini, 2010; Kanizsa, Garavaglia, .Mosconi, 2013; 2014), with reference to organizational justice theory (Cropanzano & Greenberg, 1997; Greenberg, 1990; Folger & Cropanzano, 2001; Cropanzano, 1993). Organizational studies highlight three concepts of justice: distributive justice that is a subjective perception elicited by a comparison between actual and deserved rewards; procedural justice refers to the fairness of the mean by which distributions are made; interactional justice refers to perception of fairness in the interpersonal treatment received by individuals, mainly in the communicative and relational requests. The aim of this research, with particular reference to social representations theory (Moscovici, 1989; Palmonari, Emiliani, 2009) is therefore to identify and analyse teachers’ meanings about the concepts of justice and injustice through the narration of their past and their experiences in the classroom. Secondly, the aim is to understand their representations of justice, which they unconsciously use in their daily work in the classroom and to understand how they affect, even by implication, their educational and teaching relationships. At least, we hope to verify the possible discrepancies between the teachers' and students thought of justice. The subjects were 12 secondary school teachers belonging to different school in the urban area of Milan and in the hinterland of the same city, and 48 students belonging to the same classroom as the teachers. The teachers were teaching different subjects (philosophy, sciences, math, law and economy and italian literature). The data was collected during the 2014-2015 school year and was obtained during low-structured interviews for the teachers and with 6 focus groups for a total of 48 students. A mixed-method approach was used: the qualitative data collected was coded into categories to facilitate quantitative analysis, while the same of text was subjected to co-word analysis conducted using T-lab software. The results indicated that teachers and students share the same conception of justice. The teachers, on one hand, according to the organizational justice theory, especially in regards to principles of interactional justice, declare themselves to be “just” and fair teachers, because they are respectful to the students and their needs and they have paid attention to the teacher-student relationship. On the other hand, the students' descriptions of their teachers, highlight the discrepancies between the teachers' representations and beliefs and their actual behaviour in the classroom. The results of current research confirm the importance that teachers need to be involved in vocational training or in training courses in which they become aware of a possible inconsistency between their beliefs and their behavior in the classroom. Only a coherent teacher can be “just” and can entertain a fair teachers-students relationship. Briefly, justice can only be achieved if both teachers and students see each other as coherent and just.
KANIZSA, SILVIA
justice, teachers-students, relationship
giustizia, ingiustizia, relazione insegnante-studente, rappresentazioni, scuola secondaria
M-PED/01 - PEDAGOGIA GENERALE E SOCIALE
Italian
29-set-2016
SCIENZE DELLA FORMAZIONE E DELLA COMUNICAZIONE - 47R
28
2014/2015
open
(2016). Una ricerca sui vissuti di giustizia e sulle pratiche educative a scuola: docenti e studenti di Scuola Superiore a confronto.. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/131647
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