Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a T-cell dependent humoral-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by neuromuscular transmission impairment, resulting in fatigability and muscular weakness. In approximately 80% of MG patients, the disorder is associated with the production of autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR) localized at the post-synaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. Growing body of evidences suggests that the autoimmune reaction develops in the thymus; nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the perpetuation of the autoimmune processes in the periphery are not fully characterized. We studied the transcriptional profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AChR-positive early onset (< 50 years old) (AChR-EOMG) patients, the best studied clinical subgroup, and age- and sex-matched healthy controls, by using whole-transcriptome sequencing. Transcriptome data together with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that 128 coding transcripts and 9 microRNA (miRNAs) precursors were differentially expressed between AChR-EOMG patients and healthy controls. In particular, 17% (22 out of 128) of the coding transcripts were related to ‘infectious disease’ category and 46% (59 out of 128) to ‘inflammatory disease’ and ‘inflammatory response’ categories. Selection of the genes of interest and further qPCR validation of the transcript levels revealed that among the ‘infectious disease-associated’ transcripts, ETF1, NFKB2, PLK3, and PPP1R15A were increased, whereas CLC and IL4 were decreased in AChR-EOMG patients versus healthy controls; in the ‘inflammation’ categories, ABCA1, FUS, and RELB were upregulated, suggesting of a possible loss of immunomodulatory function. Additional transcriptome data analysis and validation were also centered on miRNA-mRNA putative interactions. We observed that miR-612, miR-3651, and miR-3654 were upregulated, whereas miR-612-putative AKAp12 and HRH4 target transcripts and also miR-3651-predicted CRISP3 target were decreased in AChR-EOMG samples, further suggesting a loss of immunoregulatory processes. Taken together, our findings disclose a novel peripheral molecular signature associated with AChR-EOMG, and suggest a key role of ‘infectious’ and ‘inflammation-related’ molecules in disease pathogenesis. Future studies on the molecules discovered here will allow a better understanding of the molecular basis of AChR-EOMG pathogenesis that could be helpful for the development of new therapeutic interventions.

La miastenia grave è una malattia autoimmune T-dipendente mediata da autoanticorpi diretti contro proteine della giunzione neuromuscolare. È caratterizzata da un danno alla trasmissione neuromuscolare che causa affaticamento e debolezza muscolare. In circa l’80% dei pazienti, la malattia è associata alla produzione di autoanticorpi diretti contro il recettore dell’acetilcolina (AChR) localizzato a livello della membrana post-sinaptica della giunzione neuromuscolare. Numerose evidenze sperimentali suggeriscono che il processo autoimmune si sviluppi nel timo; tuttavia, i meccanismi molecolari sottostanti la perpetuazione di tali processi in periferia non sono del tutto noti. Abbiamo studiato, mediante sequenziamento dell’intero trascrittoma, il profilo trascrizionale delle cellule mononucleate da sangue periferico derivate da pazienti miastenici ad esordio precoce di malattia (minore di 50 anni di età) e positivi per gli anticorpi anti-AChR (AChR-EOMG), che rappresentano il sottogruppo clinico meglio studiato. Come controllo, sono state incluse nello studio cellule derivate da individui sani di pari età e sesso. I risultati di trascrittomica combinati con l’analisi dei pathway, tramite il software Ingenuity, hanno mostrato che 128 trascritti codificanti e 9 precursori di microRNAs (miRNAs) erano differenzialmente espressi tra pazienti AChR-EOMG e controlli. In particolare, 22 su 128 (17%) trascritti codificanti appartenevano alla categoria ‘malattie infettive’ e 59 su 128 (46%) alle categorie ‘malattie infiammatorie’ e ‘risposta infiammatoria’. La validazione dei livelli di espressione dei trascritti tramite qPCR ha mostrato che, tra i trascritti associati a ‘malattie infettive’, i livelli di espressione di ETF1, NFKB2, PLK3 e PPP1R15A erano aumentati, mentre quelli di CLC ed IL4 erano diminuiti nei pazienti AChR-EOMG rispetto ai controlli; nella categoria ‘infiammazione’, i livelli di espressione di ABCA1, FUS e RELB erano aumentati, suggerendo una perdita delle funzioni immunomodulatorie di queste molecole. Partendo dai dati di trascrittomica abbiamo inoltre applicato una selezione sulla base delle interazioni putative tra miRNAs e trascritti target. La successiva validazione tramite qPCR ha mostrato che i livelli di espressione dei miRNA miR-612, miR-3654 e miR-3651 erano aumentati, mentre i target predetti di miR-612, AKAp12 e HRH4, come anche il target putativo di miR-3651, CRISP3, erano diminuiti nei pazienti AChR-EOMG, ad ulteriore sostegno dell'ipotesi di un’alterazione dei processi di immunoregolazione in periferia. In conclusione, abbiamo identificato un nuovo profilo molecolare associato ad AChR-EOMG, dimostrando un ruolo cruciale di molecole associate ad ‘infezione’ ed ‘infiammazione’ nella patogenesi della miastenia grave. Ulteriori indagini sulle molecole scoperte in questo studio potranno contribuire ad una migliore conoscenza delle basi molecolari della patogenesi della malattia con un possibile impatto su nuove strategie terapeutiche.

(2016). Identification of a new molecular signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients affected by myasthenia gravis. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016).

Identification of a new molecular signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients affected by myasthenia gravis

BARZAGO, CLAUDIA
2016

Abstract

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a T-cell dependent humoral-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by neuromuscular transmission impairment, resulting in fatigability and muscular weakness. In approximately 80% of MG patients, the disorder is associated with the production of autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR) localized at the post-synaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. Growing body of evidences suggests that the autoimmune reaction develops in the thymus; nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the perpetuation of the autoimmune processes in the periphery are not fully characterized. We studied the transcriptional profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AChR-positive early onset (< 50 years old) (AChR-EOMG) patients, the best studied clinical subgroup, and age- and sex-matched healthy controls, by using whole-transcriptome sequencing. Transcriptome data together with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that 128 coding transcripts and 9 microRNA (miRNAs) precursors were differentially expressed between AChR-EOMG patients and healthy controls. In particular, 17% (22 out of 128) of the coding transcripts were related to ‘infectious disease’ category and 46% (59 out of 128) to ‘inflammatory disease’ and ‘inflammatory response’ categories. Selection of the genes of interest and further qPCR validation of the transcript levels revealed that among the ‘infectious disease-associated’ transcripts, ETF1, NFKB2, PLK3, and PPP1R15A were increased, whereas CLC and IL4 were decreased in AChR-EOMG patients versus healthy controls; in the ‘inflammation’ categories, ABCA1, FUS, and RELB were upregulated, suggesting of a possible loss of immunomodulatory function. Additional transcriptome data analysis and validation were also centered on miRNA-mRNA putative interactions. We observed that miR-612, miR-3651, and miR-3654 were upregulated, whereas miR-612-putative AKAp12 and HRH4 target transcripts and also miR-3651-predicted CRISP3 target were decreased in AChR-EOMG samples, further suggesting a loss of immunoregulatory processes. Taken together, our findings disclose a novel peripheral molecular signature associated with AChR-EOMG, and suggest a key role of ‘infectious’ and ‘inflammation-related’ molecules in disease pathogenesis. Future studies on the molecules discovered here will allow a better understanding of the molecular basis of AChR-EOMG pathogenesis that could be helpful for the development of new therapeutic interventions.
MANTEGAZZA, RENATO
myasthenia gravis; whole-transcriptome sequencing
MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA
English
31-mar-2016
Scuola di Dottorato in Medicina Traslazionale e Molecolare
SCUOLA DI DOTTORATO IN MEDICINA TRASLAZIONALE E MOLECOLARE (DIMET) - 72R
28
2014/2015
open
(2016). Identification of a new molecular signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients affected by myasthenia gravis. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/105298
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