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[(tiplayer)-431.9(ones,)-429.3(with)-431.8(friends)-429.2(or)-428.4(with)-431.7(people)-429.5(met)-432(onlineor)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(social)-377.6(gamingoffers)-375.9(the)-373.2(possibility)-369.5(of)-370.8(establishing)-378.5(social)]TJ
T*
[(connections)-562.8(and)-563.2(diminishing)-560.8(loneliness.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 226.7716 291.1747 Tm
[(51,5)-8.6(2)]TJ
9.843 0 0 9.843 248.9385 286.8094 Tm
[(This)-558.5(fact)-559.8(is)]TJ
-19.2201 -1.1174 TD
[(particularly)-414.6(relevant)-410(since)-410.9(the)-407.8(COVID-19)-415.6(pandemic)-411.1(broke)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
(out.)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 74.8346 269.2346 Tm
[(30,5)-8.6(3)]TJ
9.843 0 0 9.843 96.6047 264.8692 Tm
[(Gaming)-516.9(for)-521.6(social)-521.6(compensation)-524.9(might)-513.9(mitigate)]TJ
-3.7438 -1.1116 TD
[(the)-569(loneliness)-566.3(experienced)-571(during)-565.4(pandemic-related)-573.3(self-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
(isolation.)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 96.2645 247.3511 Tm
[(19,5)-8.6(4)]TJ
9.843 0 0 9.843 116.844 242.929 Tm
[(Notably,)-399.3(the)-396.3(WHO)-399(launched)-398.3(in)-399.7(March)-400.4(2020)]TJ
-5.8 -1.1116 TD
[(the)-361.7(campaign)-359.2(#PlayApartTogether,)-358.5(aimed)-360.5(at)-354.8(promoting)-357(so-)]TJ
T*
[(cial)-306.5(interaction)-304.1(through)-301.6(online)-301.8(gaming)-302.9(activities.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 254.4944 225.411 Tm
[(55,5)-8.6(6)]TJ
9.843 0 0 9.843 69.7323 210.0472 Tm
[(Even)-375.4(if)-376.7(video)-369.7(games)-377.5(represent)-376.1(helpful)-377.7(and)-373.1(easily)-377.6(acces-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(sible)-300.5(instruments)-296.7(to)-290.3(cope)-300.5(with)-293.5(difcult)-298.2(life)-293.8(experiences,)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 282.2172 203.4708 Tm
[(29,3)-8.6(0)]TJ
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[(including)-478(the)-482.6(COVID-19)-478.9(pandemic,)]TJ
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(18,53,57)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 238.9606 188.1637 Tm
[(it)-474.8(is)-480.2(important)]TJ
-18.2064 -1.1116 TD
[(to)-324.9(emphasize)-332.5(that)-328.4(they)-322.5(are)-328.1(not)-326(always)-326.5(benecial)-331.4(since)-330.3(their)]TJ
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[(eff)-5.5(ect)-460.7(strictly)-466.3(depends)-460.4(on)-466.3(peoples)-460.4(s).4(itu)-5.6(at)-5.7(ional)-460.7(c)-1(ircum-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
0 Tc
[(stance)-10(s.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 90.822 159.6472 Tm
[(27,)-9.4(29,5)-8.6(8)]TJ
9.843 0 0 9.843 119.0551 155.2818 Tm
[(Gamin)-8.9(g)-237.2(a)0(s)-233.6(a)-232.6(non-pr)-6.5(oblem)-8(atic)-237.4(or)-238.3(even)-237.1(health)-9.2(y)]TJ
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0 -1.1174 TD
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0 -1.1116 TD
[(ris)-9(k)-317.9(indivi)-7(duals)-329.1(\(i.e)-8(.,)-317.9(male)-330.6(childr)-8(en,)-323.6(adole)-8(scents,)-328.9(and)-327(adults)]TJ
T*
.0187 Tc
[(w)-6.3(ith)-362.5(a)-363.7(p)-5.4(rob)-5.4(l).2(ema)-6.6(tic)-363.7(g)-5.4(a)-.8(mer)-362.5(p)-5.4(ro)-5.3(l).2(e)-363.7(o).3(r)-362.5(w)-6.3(ith)-362.5(a)-369.5(h).3(igh)-368.3(l).2(eve)-6.6(l)-362.7(of)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
.0182 Tc
[(s)-5.7(t)-.3(re)-7.1(ss\))-5.9(.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 88.9511 104.8819 Tm
.024 Tc
[(26)-5.9(,2)-5.9(7)-5.9(,)-2.5(29)-5.9(,5)-5.9(8)]TJ
9.843 0 0 9.843 69.7323 89.5181 Tm
0 Tc
[(Therefore,)-352(some)-346.4(scholars)-350.7(argue)-347.6(that)-351.4(signicant)-347.4(increases)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(in)-440.1(gaming)-441.1(during)-444.4(2020)-436.4(may)-443.4(have)-438.7(had)-442.2(harmful)-442.2(effects)-443(on)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(vulnerable)-337.3(individuals,)-339.6(enhancing)-336.1(their)-335.2(level)-336.4(of)-330.5(stress,)-339(anx-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(iety,)-487.3(depression,)-483(and)-482.5(loneliness.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 192.1322 61.0016 Tm
(5961)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 215.3763 56.6362 Tm
[(Besides,)-486.5(particularly)]TJ
9.6993 67.9184 TD
.0115 Tc
[(amo)4.6(n)-1.1(g)-479.2(m)3.4(al)4.5(e)-486.1(c)3.5(hi)4.5(ld)4.6(ren)-484.9(a)3.5(nd)-479.2(ado)4.6(l)-1.2(escent)4.5(s,)-481.5(s)4.8(y)-1.1(mpt)4.5(o)-1.1(ms)-484.7(o)4.6(f)-479.1(th)4.6(e)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
.0099 Tc
[(much)-382.9(debated)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 368.3904 718.5825 Tm
.0145 Tc
(62)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 379.729 714.1605 Tm
.0115 Tc
[(In)4.6(ter)4.7(n)-1.1(et)-381.4(gami)4.5(ng)-381.3(add)4.6(i)-1.2(ctio)4.6(n)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 486.7652 718.5825 Tm
.0138 Tc
(63,64)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 507.6282 714.1605 Tm
.0073 Tc
[(o)-5.3(r)-385.4(ga)-6.5(mi)-5.4(ng)]TJ
-19.9919 -1.1116 TD
.0115 Tc
[(d)4.6(i)-1.2(so)4.6(rd)4.6(er)-300.6(\()4.7(G)-2(D\))-300.6(may)-294.9(h)-1.1(av)4.6(e)-301.8(i)4.5(ncreased.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 453.9967 707.5841 Tm
.0145 Tc
(5961)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 320.8251 692.277 Tm
0 Tc
[(Within)-366.4(this)-373.1(context)-373.2(and)-367.3(since,)-374.1(to)-370.9(the)-367.5(best)-374.1(of)-370.8(our)-366.1(knowl-)]TJ
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[(edge,)-326.9(no)-319(previous)-326.7(work)-327.8(has)-326.8(investigated)-328.1(the)-321.4(topic,)-327.1(this)-327(sys-)]TJ
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[(of)-422.6(video)-427.3(games)-423.6(during)-421.4(the)-425.1(early)-428.4(stages)-429.1(of)-422.6(the)-425.1(COVID-19)]TJ
T*
[(cr)19.7(is)20.9(is)-336.2(on)-330.5(st)20.9(re)14(ss)21.2(,)-343.3(a)0(n)19.7(x)0(i)20.7(e)0(t)19.5(y)0(,)-332.8(d)0(e)19.7(p)0(r)20.9(e)0(s)14.1(s)0(i)20.9(o)0(n)20.8(,)-343.2(lo)20.7(ne)19.7(li)14.8(ne)19.7(ss)21.2(,)-343.3(a)0(n)19.7(d)-340.9(GD)19.1(,)-343.2(e)0(x)19.7(-)]TJ
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0 -1.1116 TD
[(ai)19.5(ms)-279.7(we)18.8(re)-285.6(to)-278.8(in)20.7(ve)19.7(st)20.9(ig)15(at)19.5(e)-290.2(t)0(h)20.7(e)-290.2(fo)20.9(ll)14.8(ow)20(in)20.7(g:)]TJ
.91 -1.7222 TD
[(RQ1.)-504(W)-20.6(h)-18.4(e)-19.5(t)-18.5(h)-24.1(e)-19.5(r)-433(a)-25.3(n)-18.4(d)-433.1(f)-24.1(o)-18.4(r)-433(w)-25(h)-18.4(o)-18.4(m)-440.1(v)-18.4(i)-18.5(d)-18.4(e)-25.3(o)-433.1(g)-18.4(a)-25.3(m)-19.6(e)-19.5(s)-432.9(h)-24.1(a)-19.5(v)-18.4(e)-440(b)-18.4(e)-19.5(e)-19.5(n)]TJ
2.6379 -1.1116 TD
.0187 Tc
[(bene)-6.6(ci)-5.6(a)-.8(l)-500.9(v)-5.4(ers)-5.2(u).3(s)-506.3(h).3(ar)-5.4(mfu)-5.4(l)-500.9(f)-5.4(o).3(r)-506.5(m)-.9(iti)-5.6(gati)-5.6(ng)-506.5(str)-5.4(e)-.8(ss)-5.2(,)]TJ
T*
[(anxi)-5.6(ety)-5.4(,)-330.3(a)-6.6(n).3(d)-333.7(d).3(e)-6.6(p).3(res)-5.2(s).5(i)-5.6(on.)]TJ
-2.6379 -1.1174 TD
0 Tc
[(RQ2.)-504(Whether)-346.5(and)-344.3(for)-343.1(whom)-346.3(playing)-349(video)-346.6(games)-342.9(miti-)]TJ
2.6379 -1.1116 TD
[(gated)-330.5(versus)-335.7(enhan)-7.8(ced)-333.9(loneliness.)]TJ
-2.6379 -1.1116 TD
[(RQ3.)-504(Whether)-323.4(the)-321.4(prevalence)-322.2(of)-324.7(GD)-320.7(increased)-325.5(and)-321.2(what)]TJ
2.6379 -1.1174 TD
[(risk)-332.6(factors)-338.2(emerged.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 310.8472 520.214 Tm
(Methods)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
0 -1.8336 TD
[(Databases)-331(searched)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 320.8251 487.3322 Tm
[(A)-416.7(systematic)-418.9(search)-418.8(of)-416.9(the)-419.3(literature)-418.1(was)-419.8(performed)-422.3(on)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(January)-470.6(15,)-466.4(2022,)-468.6(by)-468.7(two)-465.1(of)-468.7(the)-471.1(authors)-469.6(\(F.P.)-464.8(and)-471(A.P.\))]TJ
T*
[(following)-310.6(the)-315.6(Preferred)-312.6(Reporting)-311.8(Items)-313.1(for)-314.3(Systematic)-315.3(Re-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(views)-491.3(and)-494(Meta-Analysis)-497.6(\(PRISMA\))-495(guidelines.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 511.54 458.8156 Tm
(65)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 523.7857 454.4503 Tm
[(It)-491.9(was)]TJ
-21.6335 -1.1116 TD
[(preregistered)-232(\(August)-227.4(14,)-230.3(2021\))-230.1(in)-227(the)-229.2(International)-231.4(Platform)]TJ
T*
[(of)-307.4(Registered)-315.1(Systematic)-315.3(Review)-310.5(and)-309.7(Meta-Analysis)-313.3(Proto-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(cols)-426(\(INPLASY\)INPLASY202180053.)-437.5(The)-426.1(search)-430.3(data-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(bases)-422.1(were)-416.5(PsycINFO,)-423.5(Web)-421.4(of)-416.9(Science,)-418.9(Medline,)-423.6(and)-419.2(the)]TJ
T*
[(preprint)-303.9(servers)-303.3(medRxiv)-299.3(and)-304(PsyArxiv.)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 310.8472 376.044 Tm
[(Inclusion)-330.3(criteria)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 320.8251 359.603 Tm
[(In)-301.7(line)-311.1(with)-305(the)-309.9(PRISMA)-308.6(guidelines,)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 468.17 364.0251 Tm
(65)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 478.6014 359.603 Tm
[(two)-303.8(authors)-308.3(\(F.P.,)]TJ
-17.043 -1.1116 TD
[(A.P.\))-471.6(established)-482.1(clear)-475.6(inclusion)-477.8(criteria)-479.2(to)-474.6(determine)-481.4(ar-)]TJ
T*
[(ticles)-413.4(eligibility)-417.4(for)-412.2(inclusion)-414.4(in)-411.3(the)-419.3(review.)-410.8(Only)-414.3(studies)]TJ
T*
[(meeting)-374.4(the)-367.5(following)-374(criteria)-375.5(were)-370.4(considered)-377.3(eligible)-374.5(for)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(inclusion:)-433(\(a\))-430.6(human)-434.1(participants)-431.7(\(clinical)-434.3(and)-430.7(nonclinical)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(populations\);)-344.1(\(b\))-343.1(the)-338.7(outcome)-345.5(measures)-347.2(were)-341.6(the)-344.4(effects)-345.1(of)]TJ
T*
[(video)-208.4(games)-216.2(on)-209.5(stress,)-212.3(anxiety,)-209.6(depression,)-212.3(loneliness,)-212.6(and/or)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(GD;)-615.7(\(c\))-614.9(the)-615.1(study)-616(design)-618.2(was)-615.7(a)-612.8(randomized-controlled)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(trial)-525.4(\(RCT\))-521.3(quantitative)-530(nonrandomized)-526(\(e.g.,)-521.6(non-RCTs,)]TJ
T*
[(casecontrol)-582.4(study\),)-580.2(quantitative)-581.8(descriptive)-586(\(e.g.,)-579.2(cross-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(sectional)-428.3(study,)-423.6(longitudina)-8(l)-421.7(study,)-429.3(case)-428.2(report\),)-427(or)-422.6(mixed)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(methods)-407.5(\(i.e.,)-412.3(combines)-409.7(qualitative)-413.7(and)-407.6(quantitative)-409(meth-)]TJ
T*
[(ods\);)-437.4(and)-442.2(\(d\))-441(must)-443.3(have)-438.7(been)-444.5(conducted)-439.8(during)-438.7(the)-442.3(early)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(stages)-216(of)-209.5(the)-211.9(COVID-19)-214(pandemic)-215.3(\(i.e.,)-216.4(during)-208.3(the)-211.9(rst)-217.3(or)-209.5(the)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(second)-302.5(wave\).)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(Articles)-438.4(published)-437.4(in)-434.3(English)-435.2(in)-434.3(peer-reviewed)-447.3(journals)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(were)-318.6(selected)-324.6(and)-321.2(subjected)-324.5(to)-319.1(the)-321.4(inclusion)-322.3(criteria)-323.6(as)-320(out-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(lined)-352.5(above.)-351.1(According)-353(to)-347.9(the)-350.2(PRISMA)-354.6(guidelines,)-356.8(the)-350.2(au-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(thors)-247.3(\(F.P.,)-249.4(A.P.,)-249.4(and)-252.1(F.M.\))-247(established)-257.5(a)-244.2(speci)-8.7(c)-244.2(date)-254.5(range.)]TJ
T*
[(Studies)-325.6(published)-322.2(after)-324.7(December)-332.3(2019)-321.2(were)-324.4(selected.)-328(This)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(time)-358.4(frame)-354.6(was)-356.5(chosen)-360.1(as)-354.5(COVID-19)-358(rst)-361.2(emerged)-358(in)-353.7(that)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
(month.)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 310.8472 105.9023 Tm
[(Exclusion)-332.5(criteria)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 320.8251 89.4614 Tm
[(Studies)-371.6(were)-370.4(exclu)-8(ded)-367.3(if)-370.9(they:)-375.6(\(a\))-373(did)-372.1(not)-372.1(focus)-369.3(speci-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(cally)-486.1(on)-486(video)-484.9(games)-486.9(\(e.g.,)-487(research)-491.3(more)-484.8(in)-486.1(general)-489.4(on)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(the)-350.2(use)-355.6(of)-353.5(Internet,)-354.6(screen,)-353.1(or)-353.5(digital)-355(technologies\);)-353.3(\(b\))-354.6(did)]TJ
T*
[(not)-446.9(include)-448(specic)-448.7(outcome)-449.1(measures)-450.9(on)-445.7(stress,)-448.5(anxiety,)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 59.7543 749.7069 Tm
[(VIDEO)-340.3(GAMES)-332.1(AND)-337.2(MENTAL)-332.6(HEALTH)-340.1(DURING)-334(COVID-19)-25319(335)]TJ
ET
endstream
endobj
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<>stream
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BT
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 62.022 725.1588 Tm
0 0 0 rg
0 Tc
0 Tw
[(depression,)-235.4(loneliness,)-241.4(or)-232.6(GD;)-229.8(\(c\))-234.8(were)-238(not)-233.8(conducted)-238.2(during)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(the)-384.7(COVID-19)-386.8(pandemic)-388(or)-388.1(did)-383.6(not)-383.6(include)-384.7(details)-390.4(on)-382.3(the)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(exact)-308.6(period)-301.6(in)-301.8(which)-307.2(the)-304.1(research)-306.9(was)-304.6(conducted;)-308.5(\(d\))-302.7(were)]TJ
T*
[(qualitative)-390.6(study;)-381.1(and)-384.6(\(e\))-390.3(were)-381.9(letters)-390.3(to)-382.5(editors,)-386.7(commen-)]TJ
T*
[(taries,)-306.1(or)-295.9(studies)-302.5(describing)-307.1(protocols.)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.022 659.3951 Tm
[(Search)-335.3(terms)-333.7(and)-335.7(selection)-330.3(of)-336.7(articles)-336.3(for)-332.5(inclusion)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 72 642.9542 Tm
[(The)-201.5(search)-205.7(string)-202.5(was)-201(as)-204.8(follows:)-199.9(The)-201.5(search)-205.7(string)-202.5(will)-201.5(be:)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[([\()48.6(video)-503.2(game*)47.5(\))-497.5(OR)-505.2(\()49.7(computer)-503.1(game*)47.5(\))-497.5(OR)-505.2(\()49.7(gam-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(ing)47.3(\)])-406.4(AND)-409.1([\()48.6(COVID-19)48.8(\)].)-409.8(Initially,)-412.5(two)-407.5(authors)-406.2(\(F.P.)]TJ
T*
[(and)-396.1(A.P.\))-396.7(checked)-398.3(the)-402(titles)-394(and)-396.1(abstracts)-404.9(of)-393.8(identied)-398.4(ar-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(ticles)-412.3(to)-411.3(determine)-412.3(their)-410.1(eligibility.)-409.3(Subseq)-7.4(uently,)-408.9(they)-408.9(in-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(dependently)-493.9(reviewed)-491.3(the)-488.4(full)-488.4(text)-489.6(of)-486(potentially)-493.1(eligible)]TJ
T*
[(articles.)-424.8(A)-416.7(consensus)-426.4(between)-421.1(the)-419.3(authors)-423.5(\(F.P.)-418.7(and)-419.2(A.P.\))]TJ
T*
[(resolved)-379.7(any)-378.8(disagreements.)-380.6(When)-382.2(articles)-375.3(provid)-6.7(ed)-372(insuf-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(cient)-354.6(data)-352.4(for)-354.6(inclusion)-351.1(in)-353.7(the)-350.2(analysis,)-354.3(the)-355.9(corresponding)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(authors)-475.3(were)-474.1(contacted)-475.6(to)-468.9(provide)-475.5(additional)-474.6(data.)-476.8(Seven)]TJ
T*
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8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.022 500.4282 Tm
[(Data)-337.7(extraction)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
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[(Two)-494.9(of)-497.5(the)-499.9(authors)-498.4(\(F.P.)-499.4(and)-499.8(A.P.\))-494.7(independently)-502(ex-)]TJ
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[(used)-477.7(\(i.e.,)-469.9(RCT,)-476.5(quantita-)]TJ
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T*
[(st)20.9(ud)15.1(y\))20.9(;)-358.3(\(c\))-378.8(the)]TJ
/F10 1 Tf
6.1744 0 TD
[(time)-381.1(period)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
5.0973 0 TD
[(in)-376.7(which)-376.3(the)-379(resear)-9.8(ch)-372(was)-379.5(con-)]TJ
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20.038 0 TD
[(\()-6.8(e.g.,)-434.1(self-)]TJ
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[(st)20.9(ud)20.8(y)-249.9(o)0(u)20.8(t)0(c)19.6(o)0(m)14.2(e)0(s)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
6.2838 0 TD
[(\(i)20.7(.e)17.3(.,)-237.2(st)15.1(re)19.7(ss)21.2(,)]TJ
-19.871 -1.1116 TD
[(an)19.7(xi)20.7(et)13.8(y,)-275.2(de)13.9(pr)20.9(es)19.9(si)20.9(on)15.1(,)-285.7(l)0(o)20.7(n)0(e)13.9(l)0(i)20.6(n)0(e)19.7(s)0(s)21.2(,)-291.4(GD)19.1(\).)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(The)-518.3(populations,)-518(study)-518.1(design,)-518(measures)-520(of)-520.5(outcomes,)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(and)-350(the)-350.2(study)-351(outcomes)-352.1(were)-353.2(considered)-354.2(relevant)-352.4(variables)]TJ
T*
[(in)-491.9(analogy)-494(to)-497.7(what)-490.4(was)-494.7(done)-495.1(in)-491.9(previous)-493.7(reviews)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 273.3732 356.8818 Tm
[(43,6)-8.6(668)]TJ
9.843 0 0 9.843 62.022 341.518 Tm
[(to)-347.9(facilitate)-350.3(easily)-348.8(classied)-352.9(and)-344.3(comparable)-356.8(access)-350.7(studies)]TJ
T*
[(among)-336.2(the)-332.9(literature.)-340.9(An)-337.1(indication)-336.4(of)-336.2(the)-332.9(mean)-336.3(age)-333.9(or)-336.2(age)]TJ
T*
[(range)-284.3(identied)-288.9(studies)-285.2(conducted)-284.2(on)-284.4(children)-282.1(\(i.e.,)-285.6(younger)]TJ
T*
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0 -1.1174 TD
[(\(1835)-225.4(years)-226.5(old\),)-226.8(middle-aged)-230.2(adults)-226.7(\(3655)-225.4(years)-226.5(old\),)-226.8(and)]TJ
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T*
[(ranges)-302.5(followed)-304.8(previous)-303.6(studies.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 195.4771 280.1763 Tm
(6971)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.022 253.8708 Tm
[(Study)-332.3(quality)-339.1(and)-329.4(risk-of-bias)-338.1(assessment)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 72 237.4299 Tm
[(The)-259.1(Mixed)-261.1(Methods)-263.1(Appraisal)-266.6(Tool)-259.2(\()-81.7(MMAT\))]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 255.2881 241.7952 Tm
(72)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 265.2661 237.4299 Tm
[(was)-258.6(used)]TJ
-20.6485 -1.1174 TD
[(to)-370.9(assess)-371(the)-367.5(methodological)-372(quality)-372.1(of)-370.8(studies)-365.8(included)-374.3(in)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(this)-321.2(systematic)-326.8(review.)-324.4(It)-324.8(has)-321.1(high)-321.3(reliability)-326.2(and)-321.3(efciency)]TJ
T*
[(as)-319.9(a)-319(quality)-320.3(assessment)-326.1(protocol)-321.2(and)-321.2(can)-316.7(concomitantly)-324.8(ap-)]TJ
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[(praise)-417.8(methodological)-418.1(quality)-418.2(across)-417.4(various)-417.7(empirical)-418.2(re-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
(search.)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 89.6882 186.9732 Tm
(73)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 100.4598 182.6078 Tm
[(Two)-339.4(of)-336.2(the)-338.7(authors)-342.8(\(F.P.)-338.1(and)-338.5(A.P.\))-339.1(independently)]TJ
-3.9051 -1.1116 TD
[(assessed)-794.8(study)-794.5(quality.)-790.3(Interrater)-798(reliability)-798.5(calculated)]TJ
T*
[(using)-218.5(Cohens)-222.8(kappa)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 144.0566 165.0897 Tm
(74)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 153.5811 160.7244 Tm
[(using)-218.5(the)-223.5(software)-219.2(package)-225.5(SPSS)-216.9(was)]TJ
-9.3019 -1.1174 TD
[(0.874,)-351.1(representing)-350.8(substantial)-354.4(agreement.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 231.6472 154.0913 Tm
(75)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 242.4755 149.726 Tm
(Disagreements)Tj
-18.3331 -1.1116 TD
[(on)-405.4(study)-408.6(quality)-406.7(were)-410.7(resolved)-408.5(by)-405.4(discussion)-409.3(between)-409.6(the)]TJ
T*
[(two)-303.8(authors.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 62.022 105.9023 Tm
(Results)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 72 89.4614 Tm
.0198 Tc
[(The)-748.5(s)1.6(ea)-5.5(rch)-747.3(s)1.6(trategy)-747.3(r)1.5(etrieved)-747.3(1,842)-747.3(rec)-5.5(o)1.4(rds.)-743.9(O)-5.2(n)1.4(e)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
.0187 Tc
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0 -1.1116 TD
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T*
[(cl)-5.5(uded)-437.3(a)-.7(f)-5.3(t).3(er)-437.3(th)-5.3(e)-432.7()-5.2(rst)-437.4(s)-5.1(cree)-6.5(nin)-5.3(g)-431.6(a)-6.5(n).4(d)-437.3(titl)-5.5(e)-432.7(a)-6.5(nd/)-5.5(or)-437.3(abs)-5.1(t).3(rac)-6.5(t)]TJ
25.504 67.9242 TD
[(a)-6.6(n).3(al)-5.6(ysi)-5.6(s).5(.)-330.3(T)-.9(w)-6.3(o)-328(hu)-5.4(ndr)-5.4(ed)-328(t)-5.6(w)-.5(en)-5.4(ty-)-5.4().5(ve)-334.9(ful)-5.6(l).2(-t)-5.6(ext)-333.9(c)-.8(op)-5.4(ies)-333.5(o).3(f)-333.7(t).2(he)]TJ
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[(r)-5.4(e)-.8(mai)-5.6(n).3(in)-5.4(g)-328(s)-5.2(tud)-5.4(i).2(es)-333.5(w)-6.3(e)-.8(re)-334.9(obt)-5.6(ain)-5.4(e)-.8(d)-333.7(a)-.8(nd)-333.7(su)-5.4(bje)-6.6(c)-.8(ted)-333.7(t).2(o)-333.7(f)-5.4(urt)-5.6(h).3(er)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(e)-6.5(v).4(al)-5.5(uati)-5.5(on.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
0 Tc
[(After)-324.4(reading)-326.9(full-text)-322.6(copies,)-323.3(201)-320.1(studies)-325.5(were)-318.6(exclu)-8(ded)]TJ
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[(from)-403(this)-396.1(review)-401.6(due)-396.1(to)-394(the)-402(following)-397(reasons:)-402.5(46)-393.9(did)-395.1(not)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
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[(f)-5.2(o).5(cu)-5.2(s)-500.4(s).7(p)-5.2(eci)-5.4(cal)-5.4(ly)-500.6(o)-5.2(n)-500.6(vi)-5.4(deo)-500.6(g)-5.2(ame)-501.7(u)-5.2(se;)-506.5(114)-506.3(did)-506.3(not)-500.7(i)-5.4(n).5(-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
.0187 Tc
[(c)-6.6(l).2(ud)-5.4(e)-427.1(s).5(p)-5.4(eci)-5.3(c)-427.1(ou)-5.4(tcom)-6.7(e)-427.1(m)-.9(eas)-5.2(ure)-6.6(s)-425.7(on)-431.7(str)-5.4(e)-.8(ss)-5.2(,)-428.2(a)-.8(nx)-5.4(iety)-5.4(,)-428.2(d).3(e-)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
[(pr)-7.9(ession,)-247.1(loneli)-8.2(ness,)-244.8(or)-238.3(GD;)-241.3(2)-243(were)-243.7(not)-245.3(conducted)-249.7(during)-242.9(the)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(COVID)-9.1(-19)-291.3(pande)-7.8(mic;)-289.3(5)-289.1(did)-285.7(not)-291.4(include)-292.5(detail)-9.3(s)-283.1(o)0(n)-290.2(the)-286.8(exact)]TJ
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[(period)-359.2(in)-347.9(which)-353.3(the)-355.9(resear)-9.8(ch)-348.9(was)-350.7(conduc)-8.9(ted;)-357.2(3)-346.7(were)-353.2(quali-)]TJ
T*
[(tative)-314.6(studie)-7.8(s;)-307.4(and)-309.7(31)-307.5(were)-312.8(letter)-9.3(s)-306.2(t)0(o)-301.8(editor)-8(s)-6.7(,)-302.9(comm)-8(entari)-9.2(es,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(or)-255.6(studie)-7.8(s)-248.6(descri)-8.8(bing)-252.2(protoc)-7.9(ols.)-248.6(At)-250.9(the)-252.3(end)-252.1(of)-249.8(the)-252.3(pr)-7.9(ocess,)-252.8(24)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(s)-6.7(tudies)-307.3(remai)-9.2(ned)-304(\(Fig.)-301.5(1)-300.6(and)-304(Table)-9.2(s)-300.4(13\).)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 571.6912 Tm
[(Quality)-337.7(assessment)-330.7(outcomes)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 555.2502 Tm
[(An)-268(overall)-269.5(quality)-268.4(score)-272.5(was)-270.1(assigned)-270.1(to)-267.3(each)-267.1(study)-270.4(using)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(the)-373.2(MMAT)-371.2(scoring)-371.6(system.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 425.5369 548.6739 Tm
(72)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 436.5353 544.3085 Tm
[(Studies)-371.6(could)-369.7(be)-372(awarded)-374.9(0,)]TJ
-12.5446 -1.1116 TD
[(25,)-489.5(50,)-483.7(75,)-489.5(or)-486(100)-487.1(\(with)-484.7(100)-487.1(being)-490.6(the)-488.4(highest)-487(quality\).)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(Considering)-411.8(all)-407.9(the)-407.8(study)-408.6(designs,)-403.7(9)-410(\(37.5)-405.2(percent\))-409.8(scored)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(100,)-242.9(13)-232.6(\(54)-239.4(percent\))-242.8(scored)-239.1(75,)-241.8(and)-234.8(2)-237.2(\(8.5)-237.1(percent\))-242.8(scored)-239.1(50)]TJ
T*
[(\(see)-306(Table)-302.9(1)-300.6(and)-298.2(Multimedia)-304(Appen)-7.5(dix)-297.2(Table)-302.9(A1\).)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 478.5447 Tm
[(Study)-338.6(design)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 462.1038 Tm
[(Twenty-two)-516.4(studies)-509.8(used)-506.5(a)-509.1(quantitative)-512.7(descriptive)-511.1(re-)]TJ
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[(search)-418.8(design,)-408.6(while)-416.7(two)-407.5(studies)-417.7(adopted)-407.6(a)-411.2(mixed-met)-9.2(hod)]TJ
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[(design)-307.2(\(see)-300.2(Table)-302.9(2)-300.6(for)-302.7(detail\).)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 436.2519 444.5857 Tm
(18,20)Tj
/F9 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 418.2802 Tm
(Populations)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 401.8393 Tm
[(The)-305.2(number)-302.7(of)-307.4(participants)-305(ranged)-302.6(from)-305.1(162)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 501.6188 406.2046 Tm
(76)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 511.9935 401.8393 Tm
[(to)-301.8(3,928)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 544.8187 406.2046 Tm
(77)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 313.0582 390.8408 Tm
[(in)-238.5(quantitative)-242(descriptive)-240.4(studies,)-242.6(and)-234.9(from)-236(781)]TJ
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(18)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 512.6172 390.8408 Tm
[(to)-238.5(2,004)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 544.8187 395.2629 Tm
(20)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 313.0582 379.8991 Tm
[(in)-422.8(mixed-methods)-422.3(studies.)-421.1(All)-419.1(studies)-417.7(involved)-419.2(both)-419.2(male)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(and)-229.1(female)-230.3(healthy)-229.2(individuals.)-224.4(Twenty-one)-228.6(studies)-227.6(included)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(participant)-10.3(s)-461.7(from)-460.6(the)-465.4(same)-462.8(country,)-467.4(while)-462.8(three)-468.7(recruited)]TJ
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[(reside)-8.8(nts)-561.9(from)-564.3(different)-571.1(nations.)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 449.0078 351.3826 Tm
(7880)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 473.1022 347.0172 Tm
[(Seven)-566.4(research)-566.1(in-)]TJ
-16.2596 -1.1116 TD
[(volved)-290.1(participants)-287.7(of)-284.4(different)-283.1(age)-287.9(ranges)-285.2(\(see)-288.7(also)-282(Table)-285.6(2)]TJ
T*
[(for)-302.7(details\).)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 303.1936 Tm
[(Time)-337.5(period)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 286.7527 Tm
[(Sixteen)-292.4(studies)-285.2(have)-289(been)-289(conducted)-290(during)-283.2(stay-at-home)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
[(restrictions)-332.4(following)-327.9(the)-327.1(outbreak)-328(of)-324.7(the)-327.1(COVID-19)-329.2(crisis,)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(while)-422.5(eight)-421.6(studies)-423.4(in)-417(a)-417(period)-422.6(in)-417(which)-422.4(no)-416.9(lockdown)-419.9(re-)]TJ
T*
[(strictions)-306(were)-301.3(in)-301.8(place.)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 231.9306 Tm
[(Outcome)-337.1(measures)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 215.4897 Tm
[(Tw)18.8(en)19.7(ty)15(-t)20.7(wo)-342.9(re)19.7(se)14.1(ar)19.7(ch)-343.2(us)21(ed)-343.2(se)14.1(lf)20.7(-r)20.9(ep)19.7(or)15.1(te)19.5(d)-352.4(q)0(u)20.8(a)0(n)19.7(t)0(i)14.8(t)0(a)19.5(t)0(i)20.6(v)0(e)-343.2(m)0(e)18.4(a)0(-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
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T*
[(s)-6.7(ures)-304.8(\(i.e.,)-308.6(open-e)-8.9(nded)-305.1(questi)-7.8(ons\).)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 171.6661 Tm
[(Study)-338.6(outcomes)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 155.2252 Tm
-.0214 Tc
[(Tw)-6.1(o)-287.4(s).7(t)-5.4(udi)-5.3(es)-287.3(in)-5.2(ves)-5(t).4(i)-5.3(g).5(at)-5.3(ed)-287.4(mo)-5.2(re)-288.6(th)-5.2(an)-287.4(on)-5.2(e)-288.6(s).7(tu)-5.2(dy)-287.4(ou)-5.2(tc)-6.4(ome,)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 536.3148 159.5905 Tm
-.0246 Tc
(18,20)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 313.0582 144.2267 Tm
0 Tc
[(w)-7.7(hile)-386(22)-382.3(foc)-10.2(used)-385.5(only)-384.7(o)-6.9(n)-375.5(o)-6.9(ne.)-381.2(Fo)-7.8(ur)-382.3(resea)-14.5(rch)-384.6(explo)-12.6(red)-384.6(the)]TJ
T*
[(e)-8(ffects)-360.1(of)-347.7(p)-6.9(laying)-359.4(video)-358.1(game)-8(s)-346.5(d)-6.9(uring)-356.9(the)-350.2(COV)-11.8(ID-19)-357.7(pan-)]TJ
T*
[(d)-6.9(emic)-353.7(o)-6.9(n)-346.7(st)-7.9(ress,)-359.9(anxie)-8(t)-7(y)0(,)-350.1(and)-355.8(depres)-14.5(sion,)-359.1(4)-346.7(s)0(t)-7.9(udies)-358(inves)-12.4(ti-)]TJ
T*
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