New value patterns in contemporary social movements: Local protests, the public water movement, and university protests

The presence of great, collective actors endowed with the capacity for cultural aggregation, action, and elaboration gave substance to the ideologies and grand narratives that characterized early modernity, the political categories born out of the French Revolution, and the social fractures upon which hinged the political dialectics between the 19th and 20th centuries. The great theoretical-political schools that developed the concepts of social and emancipation criticism in the 19th and 20th centuries are inseparable from the history of the workers' movement, its social representation, and its political organization. Contemporary movements focus on either specificity or generality. The Anti-Globalization and Pacifist movements at the start of the 21st century have been defined as ethical movements that advance universalizing demands based on the criteria of justice without demanding anything specific to the protestors involved.