Quantitation of cardiac chamber geometry and function using transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography

Quantification of cardiac chambers size, geometry and function represent the most frequent indications for an echocardiographic study and are pivotal for patient evaluation and management. Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) enables an easier, more accurate and reproducible interpretation of the complex geometry of cardiac chambers, overcoming the intrinsic limitations of conventional two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). One major advantage of the third dimension is the improvement in the accuracy and reproducibility of chamber volume measurement by eliminating geometric assumptions and errors caused by foreshortened views. This feature render the technique feasible and reliable even in patients with asymmetric or distorted cardiac chambers, paradoxically the subjects in whom an accurate quantification is most needed. The purpose of this review is to analyze the role of 3DE in chamber quantification, emphasizing the incremental benefits of 3DE over conventional 2DE.