This dissertation has explored the well-being and life satisfaction of a group of Palestinian children living in the context of armed conflict and political violence, with a specific focus on the resources and capabilities that these children actively display in order to cope with those environments. Within the mainstream literature children are conventionally viewed as a vulnerable group and their coping abilities, survival skills and agency have been long overlooked and underestimated (Chatty, 2009; 2010; Veronese et al., 2017a). With the present work we have attempted to fill the gap in literature, which has recurrently depicted and assessed children’s weakness and the risks to their mental health as consequences of their exposure to political conflict and violence, advancing our scientific knowledge on children’s capacity to cope with traumatic realities. This research has been designed to provide a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective which also takes account of the competencies and strengths deployed by children to promote their own well-being in adverse contexts. More specifically, by conceptualizing agency as the person’s capacity to act and contribute to his/her own security, well-being and development (Williamson & Robinson, 2006), this work has aimed to outline the importance of agency for children’s well-being and, hence, its contribution in helping them adapt to and cope with challenging and traumatic living conditions. Within a socio-ecological framework, our research design comprises two studies, a quantitative study and a qualitative one, with a sample of 250 children from 7 to 13 years old (M= 11.58; SD = 1.49; 45,2% male, 54.8% female) (75 for the qualitative investigation, M= 10.27; SD= 1.38, 68% female, 32% male), coming from different contexts between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank (rural areas, urban areas, and refugee camps). The mixed methodology adopted has allowed us to explore the phenomena in two different ways, reaching a more comprehensive understanding in an attempt to unpack the construct of agency. Through the quantitative study we have been able to determine the extent to which children’s ability to mobilize resources helps them to feel more satisfied with their life, and thus reduces the impact of their traumatic experiences. This analysis confirms that children’s agency plays a key role in promoting their well-being in settings characterized by political violence and structural oppression. Through the qualitative exploration Palestinian children have shown themselves to be highly competent and active agents who draw on personal, social and external resources to enhance their well-being and life satisfaction and cope with adversity. Children’s agency has emerged as particularly multidimensional, revealing the importance of moving across individual family, community, and societal levels when examining life in war-torn contexts. The conceptual model built from our data highlights the crucial interconnection between, on the one hand, children’s strategies and practices of agency (i.e., actively employing social resources; challenging movement restrictions; receiving an education; personal strategies; reclaiming play-spaces; meaning-making processes and political engagement) and, on the other hand, the multiple ecologies implied in promoting – or suppressing – their ability to mobilize resources to improve their own well-being. Our findings challenge the above-mentioned picture of children as helpless victims, portraying children living in the shadow of violence as active agents who mobilize resources both within themselves and within their social, physical, and political world. By filling gaps in the available knowledge about the protective process associated with well-being and positive mental health outcomes in children exposed to political violence, this research suggests possible directions to follow in order to design better policies and interventions.

Il presente lavoro di ricerca nasce con l’intento di esplorare e approfondire il benessere e la qualità della vita nei bambini che vivono in contesti di conflitto armato e violenza politica, con un’attenzione specifica al contesto palestinese. All’interno della letteratura che si è occupata di benessere e salute mentale nei bambini esposti a conflitto armato e violenza è stato ampiamente documentato come alti livelli di violenza politica e militare sperimentati durante l’infanzia conducano all’insorgenza di un’ampia gamma di disturbi psicologici e psichiatrici (Qouta et al., 2003; Thabet, 2018). Una minor attenzione è stata invece dedicata ai fattori e ai processi protettivi che permettono a questi bambini di far fronte alle loro realtà traumatiche e preservare un funzionamento positivo e un benessere soggettivo (Chatty, 2009; 2010; Veronese et al., 2017a). Partendo da queste premesse, il presente studio si è posto l’obiettivo di contribuire all’esplorazione e investigazione di uno di questi fattori implicati nel promuovere, proteggere e contribuire al benessere dei bambini esposti a violenza politica: il costrutto di agency. Definendo l’agency come quell’insieme di capacità e di risorse che l’individuo attiva per adattarsi alla sua realtà traumatica e preservare sicurezza e benessere (Williamson & Robinson, 2006), siamo andati a esplorare l’agency dei bambini palestinesi e a valutarne il contributo nella promozione del loro benessere e della soddisfazione della vita, nonostante i traumatici contesti di vita. Più nello specifico, all’interno di una prospettiva socio-ecologica, il progetto di ricerca ha preso forma attraverso due studi, uno quantitativo e uno qualitativo, con un campione di 250 bambini dai 7 ai 13 anni (M= 11,58; SD = 1,49; 45,2% maschi, 54,8% femmine) (75 bambini nello studio qualitativo, M= 10,27; SD= 1,38, 68% femmine, 32% maschi), provenienti da contesti diversi tra la Striscia di Gaza e la Cisgiordania (aree rurali, aree urbane e campi profughi). Lo studio quantitativo ha permesso di determinare la presenza di un effettivo contributo positivo dell’agency sulla soddisfazione sulla vita ed il benessere dei partecipanti, mitigando così l’impatto negativo delle esperienze traumatiche vissute. Successivamente, con lo studio qualitativo siamo andati a esplorare le diverse risorse – individuali, sociali, culturali o contestuali – alle quali i bambini fanno riferimento nella loro vita quotidiana per mobilizzare queste competenze e adattarsi ai loro difficili contesti di vita. L’agency si è delineata come un costrutto estremamente multidimensionale, mobilitata trasversalmente all’interno dei diversi livelli della famiglia, della comunità e della società. Il modello concettuale che abbiamo costruito a partire dai nostri risultati evidenzia questa importante interconnessione tra, da un lato, le strategie e le pratiche di agency mostrate dai bambini e, dall’altro, le diverse dimensioni ecologiche che si sono rivelate implicate nel promuovere – o nel diminuire – le loro capacità di mobilitare risorse per migliorare il proprio benessere. I nostri risultati mettono quindi in discussione la dominante immagine del bambino esposto a violenza politica quale vittima indifesa e impotente, proponendone una diversa del bambino come agente attivo in grado di mobilitare risorse sia a livello individuale che sociale e politico. La ricerca contribuisce fortemente a colmare le lacune rispetto ai processi protettivi e di agency associati al benessere e buon adattamento dei bambini esposti alla violenza politica e i risultati ottenuti suggeriscono importanti direzioni per la progettazione di policy e interventi.

(2020). Unpacking the construct of agency. Pathways to well-being and life satisfaction in children affected by military violence and political oppression: a mixed-method research design in Occupied Palestine.. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020).

Unpacking the construct of agency. Pathways to well-being and life satisfaction in children affected by military violence and political oppression: a mixed-method research design in Occupied Palestine.

CAVAZZONI, FEDERICA
2020

Abstract

This dissertation has explored the well-being and life satisfaction of a group of Palestinian children living in the context of armed conflict and political violence, with a specific focus on the resources and capabilities that these children actively display in order to cope with those environments. Within the mainstream literature children are conventionally viewed as a vulnerable group and their coping abilities, survival skills and agency have been long overlooked and underestimated (Chatty, 2009; 2010; Veronese et al., 2017a). With the present work we have attempted to fill the gap in literature, which has recurrently depicted and assessed children’s weakness and the risks to their mental health as consequences of their exposure to political conflict and violence, advancing our scientific knowledge on children’s capacity to cope with traumatic realities. This research has been designed to provide a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective which also takes account of the competencies and strengths deployed by children to promote their own well-being in adverse contexts. More specifically, by conceptualizing agency as the person’s capacity to act and contribute to his/her own security, well-being and development (Williamson & Robinson, 2006), this work has aimed to outline the importance of agency for children’s well-being and, hence, its contribution in helping them adapt to and cope with challenging and traumatic living conditions. Within a socio-ecological framework, our research design comprises two studies, a quantitative study and a qualitative one, with a sample of 250 children from 7 to 13 years old (M= 11.58; SD = 1.49; 45,2% male, 54.8% female) (75 for the qualitative investigation, M= 10.27; SD= 1.38, 68% female, 32% male), coming from different contexts between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank (rural areas, urban areas, and refugee camps). The mixed methodology adopted has allowed us to explore the phenomena in two different ways, reaching a more comprehensive understanding in an attempt to unpack the construct of agency. Through the quantitative study we have been able to determine the extent to which children’s ability to mobilize resources helps them to feel more satisfied with their life, and thus reduces the impact of their traumatic experiences. This analysis confirms that children’s agency plays a key role in promoting their well-being in settings characterized by political violence and structural oppression. Through the qualitative exploration Palestinian children have shown themselves to be highly competent and active agents who draw on personal, social and external resources to enhance their well-being and life satisfaction and cope with adversity. Children’s agency has emerged as particularly multidimensional, revealing the importance of moving across individual family, community, and societal levels when examining life in war-torn contexts. The conceptual model built from our data highlights the crucial interconnection between, on the one hand, children’s strategies and practices of agency (i.e., actively employing social resources; challenging movement restrictions; receiving an education; personal strategies; reclaiming play-spaces; meaning-making processes and political engagement) and, on the other hand, the multiple ecologies implied in promoting – or suppressing – their ability to mobilize resources to improve their own well-being. Our findings challenge the above-mentioned picture of children as helpless victims, portraying children living in the shadow of violence as active agents who mobilize resources both within themselves and within their social, physical, and political world. By filling gaps in the available knowledge about the protective process associated with well-being and positive mental health outcomes in children exposed to political violence, this research suggests possible directions to follow in order to design better policies and interventions.
VERONESE, GUIDO
Agency; Bambini; Violenza politica; Benessere; Risorse positive
Agency; Children; Political violence; Wellbeing; Risorse positive
M-PSI/08 - PSICOLOGIA CLINICA
English
16-gen-2020
SCIENZE DELLA FORMAZIONE E DELLA COMUNICAZIONE
32
2018/2019
open
(2020). Unpacking the construct of agency. Pathways to well-being and life satisfaction in children affected by military violence and political oppression: a mixed-method research design in Occupied Palestine.. (Tesi di dottorato, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/262901
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