This paper deals with some basic concepts, beginning from freedoms and rights. Freedoms are individual positions ‘ex sé’ enjoyed; on the contrary rights, from a positive point of view, are those freedoms identified, recognized and guaranteed by State through its legal system. In order to understand the meaning of rights to culture, the paper has considered the concept of language (i.e. mother-tongue) and other human expressions. The first one, which is a human natural faculty, becomes a right to culture when an individual asks the State to let him/her to improve the native language, to knows it perfectly through the right to education (which, by definition, is a learning). In this way a mother-tongue becomes a right to culture. Instead, the latter one is only a cultural human faculty. It consists indeed in gestures, signs, human sounds, symbols which could be immaterial (like a song) or material (like a cultural property), learnt in the community where an individual freely lives and identifies him/herself. This different human faculty, far from the mother-tongue, is not vital and for this reason it remains in the field of cultural freedoms. Public interventions for both the human faculties are relevant: as to the mother-tongue, we have already stated, the intervention let individuals fully know it in order to develop his/her personality; as to the other human faculties, the intervention can save the one (like a tradition) which is dying out. The International law helped us to demonstrate such concepts. The paper specifically goes into the theme of the latter human faculty, because the way to recognizing and safeguarding it was so long and winding. Firstly it was recognized to national minorities; but now the international acts oriented themselves to the larger concept of cultural diversity, which suits better the nowadays multicultural society. Italy Constitution is old-fashioned, because it considers the concept of (linguistic) minority – Art. 6 – and it misses the concept of cultural diversity. The latter could find its foundation in Art. 9 Const., because in the expression «the Republic promotes the development of culture», one could intend also the concept of cultural diversity. But this rule is not sufficient, because it covers only cultural freedoms and not rights to culture. For this reason Italy Constitution should be reviewed

Il paper si occupa di alcuni concetti di base a partire da quelli di libertà e diritti. Mentre le libertà sono posizioni soggettive godute dall’individuo preso ex sé, i diritti, dal punto di vista positivistico, sono quelle stesse libertà che lo Stato, attraverso la legge, individua, riconosce e garantisce. Per comprendere il significato di diritti culturali il paper ha preso come spunto il concetto di lingua e di linguaggio. La lingua, che è una facoltà umana naturale, diventa diritto culturale quando l’individuo che la parla, per impossessarsene pienamente, chiede allo Stato di perfezionarla attraverso il diritto all’istruzione (che per definizione è apprendimento). In questo modo la lingua diventa diritto culturale. Il linguaggio è invece una facoltà umana solo culturale, perché consiste in gesti, segni, suoni, simboli intangibili (come un canto) e tangibili (come un bene culturale), appresa nella comunità dove l’individuo vive liberamente e si identifica. Il linguaggio, a differenza della lingua, non è vitale e dunque rimane libertà culturale. L’intervento pubblico per ambedue le facoltà umane è rilevante: riguardo alla lingua, già si è detto, l’intervento consente all’individuo di conoscerla pienamente al fine di sviluppare la sua personalità; riguardo al linguaggio l’intervento può salvare quello (come ad es. una tradizione) in via di estinzione. Tali concetti hanno trovato dimostrazione nel diritto internazionale. Il paper si sofferma soprattutto sul tema del linguaggio, perché il percorso del suo riconoscimento e salvaguardia è stato lungo e tortuoso. Il linguaggio è stato dapprima riconosciuto alle sole minoranze nazionali, ma ora gli atti internazionali si sono orientati verso il concetto più ampio di diversità culturale, molto più adatto alla società multiculturale dei tempi odierni. La Costituzione italiana è più arretrata, perché considera il concetto di minoranza (linguistica) – art. 6 – e non quello di diversità culturale. Questa potrebbe trovare fondamento nell’art. 9 Cost., perché nella promozione dello sviluppo della cultura si potrebbe intendere anche quella relativa alle diversità culturali. Ma tale norma non può bastare, perché essa copre le sole libertà culturali e non già i diritti culturali. Per questa ragione la Costituzione dovrebbe essere rivista

Degrassi, L. (2017). Diritti, libertà e cultura. un approccio di base. DIRITTIFONDAMENTALI.IT(1), 1-20.

Diritti, libertà e cultura. un approccio di base

DEGRASSI, LIDIANNA
2017

Abstract

This paper deals with some basic concepts, beginning from freedoms and rights. Freedoms are individual positions ‘ex sé’ enjoyed; on the contrary rights, from a positive point of view, are those freedoms identified, recognized and guaranteed by State through its legal system. In order to understand the meaning of rights to culture, the paper has considered the concept of language (i.e. mother-tongue) and other human expressions. The first one, which is a human natural faculty, becomes a right to culture when an individual asks the State to let him/her to improve the native language, to knows it perfectly through the right to education (which, by definition, is a learning). In this way a mother-tongue becomes a right to culture. Instead, the latter one is only a cultural human faculty. It consists indeed in gestures, signs, human sounds, symbols which could be immaterial (like a song) or material (like a cultural property), learnt in the community where an individual freely lives and identifies him/herself. This different human faculty, far from the mother-tongue, is not vital and for this reason it remains in the field of cultural freedoms. Public interventions for both the human faculties are relevant: as to the mother-tongue, we have already stated, the intervention let individuals fully know it in order to develop his/her personality; as to the other human faculties, the intervention can save the one (like a tradition) which is dying out. The International law helped us to demonstrate such concepts. The paper specifically goes into the theme of the latter human faculty, because the way to recognizing and safeguarding it was so long and winding. Firstly it was recognized to national minorities; but now the international acts oriented themselves to the larger concept of cultural diversity, which suits better the nowadays multicultural society. Italy Constitution is old-fashioned, because it considers the concept of (linguistic) minority – Art. 6 – and it misses the concept of cultural diversity. The latter could find its foundation in Art. 9 Const., because in the expression «the Republic promotes the development of culture», one could intend also the concept of cultural diversity. But this rule is not sufficient, because it covers only cultural freedoms and not rights to culture. For this reason Italy Constitution should be reviewed
Articolo in rivista - Articolo scientifico
diritti, libertà, cultura, diversità culturale, effettività
Italian
2017
1
1
20
none
Degrassi, L. (2017). Diritti, libertà e cultura. un approccio di base. DIRITTIFONDAMENTALI.IT(1), 1-20.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10281/155122
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